SOURCES FOR SOUTH DAKOTA PREHISTORY
Compiled and annotated by Karen P. Zimmerman and Larry J. Zimmerman
This annotated bibliography is essentially a third edition. The original had the same title as this one, but was not annotated. Published in 1981 as Special Publication 5 of the South Dakota Archaeological Society it contained slightly more than 600 sources. The second iteration came in 1993 in The Sioux and Other Native American Cultures of the Dakotas: An Annotated Bibliography (Herbert T. Hoover and Karen Zimmerman, eds., Greenwood Press). This version actually contained fewer citations because it eliminated CRM reports that provided no primary site data.
Citations in this W3 version include all published sources on South Dakota archaeology and prehistory that contain significant information of a general nature or on specific sites. Reports on surveys that resulted in the discovery of no sites are not included. Some contract reports of a more general nature, such as shoreline surveys, which usually include a great number of sites, are included, as are cultural resources survey reports that describe sites in areas of the state not documented in other sources. It should be noted that these reports are in most instances the only places in which information about sites can be found. There are few compiliations of the CRM reports.
Our intention is to update the bibliography past 1993 and to make the entire bibliography searchable. In the meantime, if you would like a searchable bibliography for use on your own computer, simply download the text in ascii and use your word processor for searches (about 260k). We would simply like acknowledgment that you have done so. You can also use the Find function on your browser (under the Edit pull down menu in Mosaic, Netscape and Internet Explorer) to search by topic. "Find" is very fast, and by using your clipboard you can quickly build a bibliography for use by your word processor
Most of the materials listed here can be examined at the following locations: State Historical Preservation Office, Pierre; the South Dakota State Archaeological Center, Rapid City; University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, Vermillion; Archaeology Laboratory, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, and several other college and university libraries within the state.
If you find that we have left out significant sources, please e-mail us with the complete citation and an annotation. We will then add you to our contributors list. We would like to acknowledge Ali Zimmerman who did most of the markup on the document.
Sources are listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the senior/first author. Click on the letters below to move you that section of the bibliography.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
Abbott, James T. A Re-evaluation of Boulderflow as a Relative Dating Technique for Superficial Boulder Features. Plains Anthropologist 33, no. 119 (1988): 113-118. Two sites in eastern South Dakota (39JE11, first described by T. H. Lewis, and 39HU189, a serpent effigy) were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the boulderflow technique as a dating technique for boulder alignments.
Abbott, James, William Ranney, and Richard Whitten. Report of the 1982 East River Petroform Survey. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, 1982. 81 pp. An attempt was made to relocate stone alignments reported in historical accounts, and to discover unreported petroforms. The result is a report on existing petroforms in eastern South Dakota. Survey photographs and maps are on file at USD Archaeology Laboratory.
Adair, Mary J. Archaeobotanical Remains from 39FA23. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 22, no. 1 (1992): 1-4. Analysis of seeds from a Plains Village site provides better understanding of plant utilization by prehistoric populations.
Adams, Frank H. Looting Our Past: Protection of South Dakota's Archaeological Heritage. Utah Preservation/Restoration 3 (1981): 62-63. A brief discussion of vandalism at several prehistoric sites and the attempts to discourage such looting.
Agenbroad, Larry D., Jim I. Mead, and Lisa W. Nelson, eds. Megafauna and Man: Discover of America's Heartland. Hot Springs: Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota, Inc. (Scientific Papers vol. 1) and Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University, 1990. 143 pp. Contains a compilation of information presented at an international symposium in Hot Springs in September, 1989. No previous compilation for the Late Pleistocene and Holocene has been published for this region, which includes western South Dakota.
Agogino, George, and Eugene Galloway. Osteology of the Four Bear Burials. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 19 (1963): 57-60. Adds osteological analysis to original site information by Hurt, #3442.
Agogino, George A. The South Dakota Highway Salvage Program; Needed Construction Without Historical Destruction. Museum News 20, no. 2 (1959): 1-2. Comments on the 1958 Highway Salvage Agreement and the problems encountered.
Ahler, Stanley A. Archeological Reconnaissance and Test Excavation at the Jake White Bull Site, 39CO6, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. University of North Dakota for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1977. 227 pp. A report on an earthlodge village on lands eroding into the Oahe Reservoir. The site was a major fortified earthlodge village occupied in the eleventh century, A.D., by people belonging to the Extended Variant of the Middle Missouri cultural tradition. Approximately 1.3 hectares, or one-fourth of the site, was intact, including the majority of the village fortification system and nine semisubterranean earthlodges.
Ahler, Stanley A. Evaluation of the Condition of the Travis II Archaeological Site, 39WW15, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota, November, 1979. University of North Dakota for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1980. 25 pp. Evidence of a ten per cent to 15 per cent loss of intact cultural deposits from shoreline erosion since the first report of this site in 1976 indicates that mitigative action should be taken.
Ahler, Stanley A. Lithic Resource Utilization Patterns in the Middle Missouri Subarea. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 132-151. Evaluates and expands Lehmer's (1954) suggestion that Middle Missouri Tradition and Coalescent Tradition populations practiced distinctly different lithic resource exploitation patterns. Defines 12 stone types and compares frequency of occurrence in support of Lehmer's observations.
Ahler, Stanley A. Pattern and Variability in Extended Coalescent Lithic Technology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Dept. of Anthropology, 1975. The chipped stone assemblages from two Extended Coalescent Variant earth lodge villages, the Lower Grand Site (39CO14) and the Walth Bay Site (39WW203), were analyzed with the goal of evaluating function, technology, systemic context, and style.
Ahler, Stanley A., et. al. Archeological Reconnaissance and Test Excavation at the Travis 2 Site, 39WW15, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. University of North Dakota for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1977. 135 pp. Exploration at this site because of Oahe reservoir shoreline erosion indicated evidence of several thousand years of intermittent human occupation extending through much of the early and middle Holocene. Evidence of a single, early period of occupation estimated to date between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago make this site unique within the Middle Missouri subarea.
Ahler, Stanley A. Holocene Stratigraphy and Archeology in the Middle Missouri River Trench, South Dakota. Science 184, no. 4139 (1974): 905-908. Shoreline erosion exposed stratified preceramic cultural remains. The Walth Bay site contained a 7000-year sequence of alluvial and eolian deposition with three distinct soil profiles associated with various human occupations.
Ahler, Stanley A., and Dennis L. Toom, eds. Archeology of the Medicine Crow Site Complex (39BF2), Buffalo County, South Dakota. Springfield Illinois: Illinois State Museum Society, 1989. 647 pp. Presents a descriptive inventory, analysis, and interpretation of the entire Smithsonian Institution River Basin Survey collection (1957-58) from this site, which consisted of six discrete subareas.
Alex, Lynn M. The Archeology of Beaver Creek Shelter (39CU779): A Preliminary Statement. Rapid City: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology for the National Park Service, 1991. Excavations of this site in Wind Cave National park provides data that might elucidate the transition between Early to Middle Archaic periods and the effect of climatic trends on human prehistory throughout the Holocene.
Alex, Lynn M. Black Hills Natural Sciences Field Station Summer Archaeology Course at Box Elder Site. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 8, no. 2-3 (1978): 3-4. Excavation report of a hunting campsite (39PN200) southeast of Rapid City.
Alex, Lynn M. The Ceramics from Ludlow Cave, Harding County, South Dakota. Archaeology in Montana 20, no. 3 (1979): 49-57.
Alex, Lynn M. Fish and Fishing at Two Initial Middle Missouri Sites. South Dakota Archaeology 1 (1977): 38-51. A report on the identification and analysis of fish bone recovered from two archaeological sites on tributaries of the James River in southeastern South Dakota: the Mitchell Site (39DV2) and the Twelve Mile Creek Site (39HT1). Both sites belong to the Initial Variant of the Middle Missouri Tradition of the late tenth and early eleventh centuries A.D. Discusses fish bone occurrences at the two sites and formulates an idea of fish utilization as a whole.
Alex, Lynn M. Ludlow Cave Ceramics. South Dakota Archaeology 3 (1979): 81-90. A detailed analysis of the ceramics from the Ludlow Cave site in Harding County reveals that two components are represented, one showing relationship to the Initial Variant of the Middle Missouri Tradition, the other similar to ceramics from the Post-Contact Knife-Heart region of North Dakota.
Alex, Lynn M. 1988 Season at the Smiley-Evans Site. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 19, no. 4 (1989): 1-3. Summary of season's work at 39BU2.
Alex, Lynn M. Obsidian from the Phelps Site (39CU206). Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 21, no. 2 (1991): 1-2. Analysis of two obsidian points indicates that one originated from the Obsidian Cliff source in Yellowstone National Park and the other possibly from either Cougar Creek or Crystal Springs in the Park.
Alex, Lynn M. Prehistoric and Early Historic Farming and Settlement Patterns. South Dakota History 13, no. 1-2 (1983): 4-21. Explains agrarian economy and other practices among early Indian residents of present-day South Dakota.
Alex, Lynn M. Smiley-Evans Site Revisited. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 18, no. 3 (1988): 3-4. Describes the season's work at 39BU2, west of Belle Fourche.
Alex, Lynn M. 39BU2: A Fortified Site in Western South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 9, no. 3 (1979): 3-7. Excavation to test the nature of the fortification system at the site determined the ditch to be man-made, and other features indicated this to be a single component site.
Alex, Lynn M., and Robert A. Alex. Physiography, Space and the Use of Resources. In Planning for the South Dakota Centennial: A Bibliography, edited by Herbert T. Hoover, 17-38. Brookings: South Dakota Committee on the Humanities, 1984. A bibliographical essay presenting brief prehistoric cultural summaries and sources available for research.
Alex, Lynn M., and Doris McDonald. An Experiment in Pottery-Making. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 11, no. 1 (1981): 1-6. The occurrence of ceramics at the fortified site west of Belle Fourche (39BU2) and other Black Hills area sites in South Dakota prompted a search for local clay deposits in the region that might have served as source material for aboriginal pottery making. Once located, an attempt was made to experimentally duplicate aboriginal methods of ceramic manufacturing.
Alex, Lynn M., and Larry J. Zimmerman. A Cultural Resources Survey of Reach 1 of Highmore Canal, Sully and Hyde Counties, South Dakota. University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory for U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1977. 81 pp. This survey located 37 sites and 34 loci. Twenty-eight aboriginal sites included stone circles, stone alignments, stone cairns, stone mosaics, and one possible petroglyph.
Alex, Robert A. Architectural Features of Houses at the Mitchell Site (39DV2), Eastern South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 18, no. 60 (1973): 149-159. Excavation of houses, one of which had burned, provided information on architectural features. The site is an Initial Middle Missouri site at Mitchell. Alex, Robert A. Contents of a Soil Sample from a Great Oasis Site at Oakwood Lakes State Park. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 10, no. 1 (1980): 1-3.
Alex, Robert A. The Fish Trap at 39SP11. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 10, no. 4 (1980): 2.
Alex, Robert A. A Note on the Association Between Mound Burial and Two Earthlodge Villages in the James River Basin. South Dakota Archaeology 12 (1988): 16-21. This contains information from the author's doctoral dissertation summarizing earlier attempts to associate mound and earthlodges in the James River area. He concluded that there is evidence to support the association of mound burial with the Initial variant of the Middle Missouri Tradition.
Alex, Robert A. Obsidian in the Northern Black Hills. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 7, no. 3 (1977): 1. While the obsidian sources in Yellowstone Park were well known in various prehistoric contexts as an indicator of trade or group movements, the discovery of an obsidian source in South Dakota was surprising.
Alex, Robert A. The Village Cultures of the Lower James River Valley, South Dakota. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Deptartment of Anthropology, 1981. Examines the nature of the lower James River villages, including their relationships to village cultures in adjacent regions and their potential for yielding information on the association between environmental and cultural exchange.
Alex, Robert A. Village Sites Off the Missouri River. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 39-45. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. Past archaeological investigations in the state have concentrated on village sites located in the Missouri River Valley. The author describes numerous village sites in other regions of the state, and recommends more thorough inventory of the non-Missouri River village sites.
Alex, Robert A., and Pat Malone. A 1000 Year Old Paleosol: A Possible Marker Horizon in the White River Badlands. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 15, no. 4 (1985): 1-5. Excavations at site 39PN102 produced limited information on a Late Archaic occupation, but provided a late Holocene stratigraphic sequence extending back nearly 3000 years.
Anfinson, Scott Fleming. The Prehistory of the Prairie Lake Region in the Northeastern Plains. Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1987. Examines the culture history of a region in the center of the Northeastern Plains encompassing most of southwestern Minnesota, northeastern South Dakota, and northcentral Iowa.
Baerreis, David A., and Robert A. Alex. An Interpretation of Midden Formation: The Mill Creek Examples. In Aspects of Upper Great Lakes Anthropology; Papers in Honor of Lloyd A. Wilford, edited by Elden Johnson, 143-148. Minnesota State Historical Society. Minnesota Prehistoric Archaeology Series, no. 11, 1974. Compares midden structures of Mill Creek sites in northwest Iowa with the Mitchell Site in Davison County, South Dakota.
Baird, Bruce, producer. Wanagi Is Gone. Vermillion: South Dakota Public Television, 1980. 58 minutes, color, 1/2 inch VHS. Details not only the archaeological excavation of nearly 500 human skeletons from the Crow Creek Site, a fourteenth century village ancestral to the Arikara, but also how the archaeologists arrived at their interpretations and how they dealt with Sioux beliefs about the Wanagi, potentially malevolent spirits who guard burial sites.
Barrandt, A. The Haystack Mound, Lincoln County, Dakota Territory. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report for 1872 (1873): 413-414.
Bass, William M. An Early Indian Cranium from the Medicine Crow Site, 39BF2, Buffalo County, South Dakota. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 45, no. 3, pt. 2 (1976): 695-700. This specimen was the oldest human material known from the northern plains, dating from 5000 to 2000, B.C.
Bass, William M. The Excavation of Arikara Burials from the Leavenworth Site, 39CO9, Corson County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 32 (1966): 162. A brief preliminary summary of findings.
Bass, William M. Human Skeletal Material from the Vicinity of the Hosterman Site (39PO7), Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 189; River Basin Surveys Papers 35 (1964): 259-265. Published as Appendix 5 of Carl F. Miller's report on the Hosterman Site. Burial is concluded to be more closely related to Arikara morphologically than to Mandan.
Bass, William M. A Human Skeleton from the Gillette Site (39ST23), Stanley County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 34 (1966): 290-293. A skeleton excavated from a refuse area at the Gillette Site proved to be that of an adult male of advanced age.
Bass, William M. A Preliminary Analysis of Burial Data on 255 Individuals from the Sully Site, 39SL4, Sully County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 16 (1962): 77- 78. Brief description of burials and associated artifacts.
Bass, William M. The Use of Heavy Power Equipment in the Excavation of Human Skeletal Remains. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 20 (1963): 122-123. Describes the use of a Caterpillar tractor and earth mover to remove dirt during excavation of 322 burials at the Sully Site.
Bass, William M., David R. Evans, and Richard L. Jantz. The Leavenworth Site Cemetery: Archaeology and Physical Anthropology. Lawrence: University of Kansas Publications in Anthropology 2 (1971): 200 pp. Report of excavations of burials from two Arikara villages (39CO9) from the early nineteenth century. Summarizes historical data from the site and lists details of each excavated burial.
Bass, William M., John B. Gregg, and Pierre E. Provost. Ankylosing Spondylitis (Marie Strumpel Disease) in Historic and Prehistoric Northern Plains Indians. Plains Anthropologist 19, no. 66, pt. 1 (1974): 303-305. A study of more than 2,500 Indian burials, primarily of Arikara origin, indicated 0.07% occurrence of chronic, progressive spinal arthritis, which compares closely to the 0.05% incidence in modern England.
Bass, William M., and Richard L. Jantz. Two Human Skeletons from 39LM227, A Mound Near the Stricker Site, Lyman County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 27 (1965): 20-30. Description of two burials from a group ancestral to the Arikara.
Bass, William M., and Judy Ann Myers. Identification of a Human Skull and Mandible Found Near Pierre, South Dakota. Museum News 23, no. 9 (1962): 1-9. Anthropometric measurements indices and observations are given for a human skull and mandible found on the banks of the Missouri River near Pierre. The possible cultural affiliation was determined to be Arikara.
Bass, William M., and T. W. Phenice. Report on Human Skeletal Remains Found Near Glenham, Walworth County, South Dakota. Museum News 27, no. 11-12 (1966): 9-16. An analysis of skeletal remains of two individuals uncovered on a farm.
Bass, William M., and Marc D. Rucker. Preliminary Investigation of Artifact Association in an Arikara Cemetery (Larson Site), Walworth County, South Dakota. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1968 Projects (1976): 33-48. This article is a preliminary analysis by Rucker of burials excavated by Bass at a large protohistoric village with cemetery on the east bank of the Missouri River (39WW2).
Beaubien, Paul L. Preliminary report of archeological reconnaissance, Badlands National Monument. Omaha: National Park Service, 1953. 6 pp. and 20 leaves of plates.
Beckes, Michael R., and James D. Keyser. The Prehistory of the Custer National Forest: An Overview. Custer: U.S.D.A. Forest Service, 1983. 590 pp. Provides the first up-to-date synthesis of the state of archaeological knowledge of Custer Forest by compiling information from every known site form, related correspondence, and obscure reports. The second goal of the publication is to develop key management information and guidelines for the prehistoric resources within the forest. Written for professional archaeologists for use in interpretation and management.
Beissel, Dennis, Barbara Biggs, and Kenneth L. Brown. Cultural Resources Investigations at the Lake Traverse-Bois De Sioux Project, Roberts County, South Dakota, Traverse County, Minnesota. Vermillion: USD Archaeology Laboratory, 1983. 200 pp. Discusses the archaeological and historical sites in relation to the geomorphology of the region.
Benedict, James B., and Byron L. Olson. Origin of the McKean Complex: Evidence from Timberline. Plains Anthropologist 18, no. 62 pts.1-2 (1973): 323-327. An analysis of the Fourth of July valley site in Colorado supports Husted's (1968) hypothesis that the McKean complex developed from Plano progenitors in high-mountain Altithermal refuge areas. This cultural affiliation is also present in western South Dakota.
Benn, David W. Big Sioux River Archaeological and Historical Resources Survey, Lyon County, Iowa, Volume I. Springfield Missouri: Southwestern Missouri State University, Center for Archaeological Research, 1987. 282 pp. A report of intensive archaeological survey for historic and prehistoric sites on the Iowa side of the Big Sioux River. Several of the sites described overlap to the South Dakota side of the river.
Benn, David W Seed Analysis and Its Implications for an Initial Middle Missouri Site in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 19, no. 63 (1974): 55-72. An analysis of carbonized seed remains from the Mitchell Site (39DV2), an Over Focus village near Mitchell, South Dakota, identified 45 genera and species of prehistorically-deposited seeds.
Berg, Richard E. Projectile Points from the Mud Flat Site, 39WW49. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 21, no. 1 (1991): 1-2. Describes and illustrates two points, one of which might be representative of the Goshen Complex, which is a possible transition between Clovis and Folsom.
Birkby, Walter H. A Preliminary Report on the Dentition of the Skeletal Population of the Sully Site. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 16 (1962): 79. Brief summary of results from a study of 1874 adult teeth from the Sully Site (39SL4).
Blakeslee, Donald J., and John O'Shea. The Gorge of the Missouri: An Archeological Survey of Lewis and Clark Lake, Nebraska and South Dakota. Wichita: Wichita State University Archaeology Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha, 1983. 2 vols.
Bowers, Alfred W. Field Report: 1964 Excavations of the Davis and Larson Sites, Near Mobridge, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 12, no. 36 (1967): 204-205. Brief description of work at Davis (39CO14), a fortified earthlodge village, and at Larson (39WW2), an early Woodland site.
Bowers, Alfred W. Investigations in the Mobridge Area, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 20 (1963): 118. Brief summary of excavations of the Red Horse Hawk Site (39CO34) and the Davis Site (39CO14).
Bradley, L. E. Early Preceramic Cultures in South Dakota. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 17-19. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. Presents methodologies for locating more than the six currently known Paleo-Indian sites in the state.
Bradley, L. E., and Philip D. Lanum. The CRIDS System and South Dakota Cultual Resources Management. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 65-66. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. Describes the computer-based system for the management of cultural resources in the state (Cultural Resources Interactive Data System).
Bradley, Lawrence E., and Larry J. Zimmerman. A Reconnaissance Cultural Resource Survey of the Dakota Dunes Development Project, Union County, South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeological Laboratory for Buell Winter Mousel & Associates, Sioux City, Iowa, 1989. 21 pp. A survey of land bordered on the east by the Big Sioux River and on the west by the Missouri River indicated one significant historic site, that of the Sioux Ice Harbor, located in the extreme northeast portion of the project area.
Brown, Kenneth L., Marie E. Brown, and Ned H. Hanenberger. Prehistoric Stone Tools of South Dakota: A Guide. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory. South Dakota Archaeological Society Special Publication, no. 6, 1982. 127 pp. Readable essays on stone tool manufacture and terms accompany this guide to stone tools found in South Dakota archaeological sites. Includes numerous line drawings of major projectile point types and ground stone tools. A good guide for both amateur and professional archaeologists.
Brown, Lionel A. The Archaeology of the Breedon Site. Plains Anthropologist 19, no. 66, pt. 2; Memoir 10 (1974): 1-66. This site (39ST16), located on the right bank of the Missouri River about two miles downstream from the Oahe Dam, reenforces the general culture history established for the Bad-Cheyenne Region and the more inclusive Middle Missouri Tradition.
Brown, Lionel A. Excavations at Chappelle Creek, Hughes County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 27 (1965): 48-49. Brief description of work at 39HU60, a fortified village with 28 house depressions.
Brown, Lionel A. The Gavins Point Site (39YK203): An Analysis of Surface Artifacts. Plains Anthropologist 13, no. 40 (1968): 119-131. A descriptive analysis of surface artifacts disclosed Woodland-Great Oasis elements from an earlier component, and later use of the site by either Central Plains Tradition or Initial Coalescent people.
Brown, Lionel A. The Gillette Site (39ST23), Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 34 (1966): 239-289. Partial excavation of three circular houses, a cross section of a fortification ditch, and the removal of a burial exhibited three components at the site.
Buckles, William G. Descriptive Analysis of Projectile Points from Ludlow Cave, Harding County, South Dakota. Museum News 21, no. 1 (1960): 1-5. A complete analysis of points collected by Dr. W.H. Over in his 1920 excavation of Ludlow Cave.
Buckles, William G. The 1959 Excavation of the Four Bear Site Cemetery. Museum News 20, no. 7 (1959): 1-4. Report of salvage excavation of an Arikara village cemetery in the projected Oahe Reservoir.
Buechler, Jeff. Boulder Outlines Recorded in Turner County. South Dakota Historical Preservation Newsletter 6, no. 7 (1977): 10-12.
Buechler, Jeff. Report of the Class I and Class II Cultural Resources Investigations of the Lake Andes-Wagner Project Area, South Dakota. Rapid City: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for South Dakota Dept. of Water and Natural Resources, 1983. Vol. I: Archaeological Sample Survey, 99 pp. Vol. II: Site forms and sketch maps, 70 pp. A survey of literature of the project area in central Charles Mix County indicated no previous reports of historic or prehistoric sites within the survey area, but the class II sample field survey located 36 artifact sites. This report is the result of the first extensive cultural resources investigation of the area.
Buechler, Jeff. Test excavations at the Volunteer Site (39BK8). South Dakota Archaeology 6 (1982): 1-31. Primary data for a Great Oasis site in the Coteau region of Brookings County. The materials recovered from this excavation comprise the first significant sample of Great Oasis occupation of the Coteau-Upper Big Sioux River area of the state and provide the basis for formulating further questions about the nature of Great Oasis occupation in the area.
Buker, Leon W. Archaeology of the Southern Black Hills. American Antiquity 3 (1937): 79-80. A summary of prehistoric sites, concentrating on the camp sites and petroglyphs of the Red Canyon area.
Bumsted, Mary Pamela. Human Variation: Delta Carbon-13 in Adult Bone Collagen and the Relation to Diet in an Isochronous C (4) (Maize) Archaeological Population. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1984. 188 pp. The published version of a doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Anthropology, examines skeletal remains of proto-Arikara population from the Crow Creek Site (39BF11) to determine the natural variation in isotopic composition in a group of maize-eaters to distinguish the relative contributions of meat, cereals, and other plant foods to the diet.
Burial Mounds in South Dakota. Minnesota Archaeologist 11 (1945): 69-70. Brief discussion, not very illuminating.
Butler, William B. Two Initial Middle Missouri Tradition Tool Kits. Plains Anthropologist 20, no. 67 (1975): 53-59. Stone and bone tools contained in the remains of two charred baskets from an Initial Middle Missouri site were interpreted as two different tool kits associated with different aspects of animal skin processing.
Butterbrodt, John. Analysis and report on the rock and cobble debitage from excavations at the Crow Creek Site. Sioux Falls: Augustana College Center for Western Studies, Archeological Contract Series, no. 2, 1982. 19 pp.
Byrne, Daniel R. Vertebrate Faunal Remains from 39FA23, 1985 Excavations. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 21, no. 4 (1991): 1-4. Analysis of these remains indicates that pronghorn deer were selected over bison as the primary prey object.
Calabrese, F. A. Ceramic Classification in Middle Missouri Prehistory. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 28-37. Reviews the development of the ware-types concepts and theoretical approaches to ceramic typologies, evaluating the reports that use ceramics in unique or different ways. Suggests additional potential productive analytical procedures.
Calabrese, F. A. Discriminant Analysis of Certain Middle Missouri Tradition Projectiles. Plains Anthropologist 18, no. 62 pts.1-2 (1973): 344-349. Analyzes projectiles from nine Middle Missouri Tradition sites in two contiguous regions.
Caldwell, Warren W. Archeological Investigations at the McKensey Village (39AR201) Oahe Reservoir, Central South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 31; Memoir 3 (1966): 2-38. Report of excavation of one house from a village of 17 house depressions.
Caldwell, Warren W. The Black Partizan Site. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 2, 1966. 145 pp. Final report of salvage archaeology begun in 1956 on a large fortified earth-lodge village in Lyman County.
Caldwell, Warren W. The Black Partizan Site (39LM218), Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota: A Preliminary Report. Plains Anthropologist 5, no. 10 (1960): 53-57. A summary of excavation of a large fortified village located in the Big Bend of the Missouri River, Lyman County.
Caldwell, Warren W. Excavations at Certain La Roche and Thomas Riggs Sites in the Big Bend and Oahe Reservoirs, 1960. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 12, pt. 1 (1961): 57. A brief summary of Missouri River Basin Project of the Smithsonian Institution during the summer of 1960.
Caldwell, Warren W. Fortified Villages in the Northern Plains. Plains Anthropologist 9, no. 23 (1964): 1-7. The varied defensive systems of villages in the northern Plains were the basis for an inference of change in the patterns of warfare.
Caldwell, Warren W. Investigations in the Lower Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 20 (1963): 118. Brief summary of fieldwork at a number of sites in the Lower Brule-Medicine Creek area of central South Dakota.
Caldwell, Warren W. The Medicine Crow Site. Sommers Site. The Fort George Village Site. In Guidebook for Field Conference D.: Central Great Plains, 41-51. International Association for Quaternary Research 7th Congress, 1965. Illustrated site descriptions to be used with field tour.
Caldwell, Warren W. The Middle Missouri Tradition Reappraised. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 32 (1966): 152-157. A discussion of the geographic distribution of horizons within the Middle Missouri Tradition and their temporal and cultural relationships.
Caldwell, Warren W., Charles H. McNutt, and G. Hubert Smith. Fort Randall Reservoir, Archeology, Geology, History. Omaha: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1960; Reprint 1986. 39 pp. An overview of the environment and various cultural groups who inhabited the lands now part of the Reservoir. Includes history of Fort Randall.
Caldwell, Warren W., and Richard E. Jensen. The Grand Detour Phase. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 13, 1969. 133 pp. Analysis of information from three archeological sites was used to further define prehistoric cultural groupings in the Missouri River Basin. Sites examined were: Jiggs Thompson (39LM208), Langdeau (39LM209), and Pretty Head (39LM232)--all principal early village occupations in the Big Bend section of the Missouri River.
Caldwell, Warren W., Lee G. Madison, and Bernard Golden. Archeological Investigations at the Hickey Brothers Site (39LM4), Big Bend Reservoir, Lyman County, South Dakota. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 189; River Basin Surveys Papers 36 (1964): 267-289. Report of excavation and descriptions of artifacts from a fortified village site. The limited data recovered did not provide a cultural affiliation and more work was recommended.
Caldwell, Warren W., and G. Hubert Smith. Oahe Reservoir: Archeology, Geology, History. Omaha: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1963. 46 pp.
Cassells, E. Steve. Prehistoric Hunters of the Black Hills. Boulder Colorado: Johnson Books, 1986. 104 pp. A summary of known prehistoric activity in the Black Hills written for lay audience. Includes description of archaeological methods. Good list of South Dakota and Wyoming agencies involved in cultural resource management in the Black Hills region.
Cassells, E. Steve, David B. Miller, and Paul V. Miller. Paha Sapa: A Cultural Resource Overview of the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming. Custer: U.S.D.A. Forest Service, 1984. 452 pp. An attempt to synthesize all known cultural resource information relating to Black Hills National Forest lands. Includes prehistory, ethnohistory, and history. No fieldwork, but verification of sites with South Dakota Archaeological Research Center files. Includes extensive bibliography and list of all sites.
Chevance, Nicholas. An Archaeological Survey in the Southern Black Hills. Fort Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for the Wyoming Mineral Corporation, 1978. 55 pp. Survey area: on the outer fringes of the hogback ridge in the southern Black Hills. Includes a summary of previous archaeological surveys and the location of 17 sites, nine of which were recommended significant for preservation.
Chevance, Nicholas. Cultural Resources Survey in the Driftwood Canyon and Pass Creek Regions, Fall River and Custer Counties, South Dakota. Fort Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for Union Carbide Corporation. Contract Investigations Series 1, 1979. 117 pp. Forty-three aboriginal sites, each described in detail, found in the two survey areas.
Chevance, Nicholas. Curation Theory and Assemblage Variability: a Test from the Smiley-Evans Site (39BU2) South Dakota. Master's thesis, University of Nebraska, 1984. An analysis of lithic material from a very early fortified village site near Belle Fourche.
Chevance, Nicholas, and Therese C. Chevance. The Archaeology of Harding County, South Dakota: The Little Missouri River Valley. Ft. Meade: South Dakota State Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 105, 1984. 197 pp. Seventy-one archaeological sites were recorded in a survey of 45 quarter sections. It was theorized that based on site density, future surveys could find about three sites every 320 acres. A significant number of sites would be within 1/4 mile of the river, with number decreasing beyond 3/4 mile from the river.
Chevance, Nicholas, and Therese C. Chevance. The Archaeology of Harding County, South Dakota: A Summary of the First Season's Investigations. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 81, 1983. 133 pp. A survey to locate as many sites in Harding County as possible in order to facilitate the generation of predictive models on site placement. A total of 3002 acres surveyed yielded 38 sites, each described.
Chilson, Herman P. Showing of the Burial Mounds on the Melvin A. Block Farm, October 6, 1963, Grenville Township, Day County, S. Dak. n.p., 1963. 3 pp. Extracts from an article in the Reporter and Farmer, October 2, 1963, printed in a leaflet to be handed out at the showing.
Coleman, John M. An Analysis of Ceramics from the Gettysburg Site 39PO209, Potter County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 13, no. 41 (1968): 228-241. Ceramics recovered from the Gettysburg Site were described, analyzed, and compared with ceramic collections from 19 other sites in the Middle Missouri Valley.
Comfort, Aaron J. Indian Mounds Near Fort Wadsworth, Dakota Territory. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution 1871, (1873): 389-402. Reprinted in Minnesota Archaeologist 37, no. 1 (1978). Written at the time when mounds were attributed to the Moundbuilders, this article describes in detail the excavation of several mounds that contained burials.
Cooper, Paul L. The Archeological and Paleontological Salvage Program in the Missouri Basin 1950-1951. Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections 126, no. 2 (1955): 1-99. A review of progress made by the project during 1950 and 1951 with summary statements relative to the fieldwork of other agencies active in the salvage program. South Dakota is reported on pages 48-69.
Cooper, Paul L. Recent Investigations in Fort Randall and Oahe Reservoirs, South Dakota. American Antiquity 14, no. 4, pt. 1 (1949): 300-310. A progress report and summary of salvage excavations in two reservoir areas. Using a study of ceramics, an attempt was made to ascertain the range of cultures that had existed in the area, and to develop future excavation and research plans.
Cutler, H. C. Corn and Squash from Six Sites in North and South Dakota. Bureau of Ethnology Bulletin 198 (1967): 177-182. Includes a brief summary of corn specimens from the Demery Site (39CO1). This article is published as an appendix to An Interpretation of Mandan Culture History by W. Raymond Wood.
Daniel, Z. T. Mounds in South Dakota. American Anthropologist 4 (1891): 327-328. Interesting comments about Arikara houses and mounds near the mouth of the Cheyenne River. The author includes information from interviews with the Sioux who referred to the earlier inhabitants as their enemy.
Deetz, James. The Dynamics of Stylistic Change in Arikara Ceramics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, Illinois Studies in Anthropology, no. 4, 1965. 111 pp.
Dietrick, Lynn M. The Occurrence and Interpretation of Grauma at the Larson Site, 39WW2, Walworth County, South Dakota. Master's thesis, University of Tennessee, 1980.
Ehrenhard, John E. Time, Space, and Climate in the Middle Missouri. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 1 (1972): 11-19. An examination of climatic episodes and cultural movements or conditions along the Missouri River mainstem led to the conclusion that during the period ranging from A.D. 700-1200 and from A.D. 1300 on into the nineteenth century, significant changes of a climatic nature may have affected Indian societies.
Emerson, Thomas E. The Loss of South Dakota's Prehistory. South Dakota Archaeology 2 (1978): 1-4. Comments on the need to protect South Dakota's archaeological sites and lists the organizations that exist to help preserve archaeological information.
Evans, David R. Field Report of the Excavation of Burials at the Larson Site, 39WW2, South Dakota During the Summer 1966 Field Season. Plains Anthropologist 12, no. 36 (1967): 217-218. Brief summary of excavation of 95 burials using power equipment.
Evans, David R. A Preliminary Report of the Artifacts from the Burial Area of the Leavenworth Site, 39CO9, Corson County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 32 (1966): 172. Brief summary of items discovered at this historic Arikara village occupied between 1802 and 1832.
Falk, Carl R. Analyses of Unmodified Vertebrate Fauna from Sites in the Middle Missouri Subarea: A Review. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 151-161. A review of faunal research from 1952 to 1977 revealed that considerable progress had been made in developing an explicit methodology to deal with problems in analysing faunal data.
Falk, Carl R., and Robert E. Pepperl. An Archaeological Investigation and Assessment of the Three Horse Site (39DW35), Moreau River Area, West Shore Lake Oahe: Dewey County, South Dakota. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, Dept. of Anthropology, Division of Archaeological Research for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District. Technical Report 80-06, 1980. 86 pp.
Falk, Carl R., Steve Holen, and Robert Pepperl. A Preliminary Assessment of Archeological Resources in the Vicinity of the Proposed White River Development: Badlands National Monument, South Dakota. Lincoln: Midwest Archeological Center Occasional Studies in Anthropology, no. 5, 1978. 52 pp.
Fawcett, William B. Changing Prehistoric Settlement Along the Middle Missouri River: Timber Depletion and Historical Context. Plains Anthropologist 33, no. 119 (1988): 67-94. Analyzes the timber utilization around the Huff Site (39MO11) to determine the impact of timber depletion on change in prehistoric settlement as compared to historical accounts.
Fitting, James E. An Archeological and Historical Survey of the Grass Rope Unit, Lower Brule, South Dakota. Jackson, Michigan: Commonwealth Associates for USDI Bureau of Reclamation, 1978. 78 pp.
Floden, Shirley. A Burial in Northeastern Butte County, South Dakota: 39BU27. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 14, no. 3 (1984): 2-4. An attempt to identify the cultural affiliation of a skeleton exhumed in the early 1940s resulted in few positive conclusions.
Frantz, Wendell. Crazy Bull Site (39LM220), Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 15 (1962): 36-42. Report of excavation of an earth lodge village in the neck of the Big Bend area of the Missouri River in Lyman County. Due to a close ceramic relationship with the Spain site, this site was assigned to the Chouteau Aspect.
Frison, George C. Prehistoric Hunters of the High Plains. New York: Academic Press, 1978. 457 pp. Includes western South Dakota in the cultural area.
Fugle, Eugene. The Four Bears Archaeological Project. Museum News 19, no. 5 (1958): 1-2. Report of summer excavation at an Arikara village site 20 miles north of the Cheyenne River Agency.
Gant, Robert. An Archeological Appraisal of the Black Hills. Plains Anthropologist 12, no. 36 (1967): 212-213. A very brief statement indicating the significance of prehistoric cultural interaction in the Black Hills region and the need for further study.
Gant, Robert. Archeological Investigations at the Arp Site, 39BR101, Brule County, South Dakota, 1961. W.H. Over Museum Archeological Studies, Circular 12 (1967): 67 pp.
Gant, Robert. The Big Bend Burials, 39BF221, Buffalo County, South Dakota. Museum News 23, no. 4-5 (1962): 3-9. Six burials, probably historic Sioux, were recovered during construction of Big Bend Dam.
Gant, Robert. A Chronology of Projectile Points Found in South Dakota. Museum News 24, no. 3-5 (1963): 2-12. Points are described, illustrated, and classified according to scheme by Mulloy in order to provide a guide to projectile types in South Dakota.
Gant, Robert. An Early Man Site in the Black Hills. Museum News 22, no. 10 (1961): 1-2. Preliminary outline of a lithic site in the northern Black Hills. Most points were identified as Angostura.
Gant, Robert. The Hafner Site, 39HG4, A Stone Circle Site in Harding County, South Dakota. Museum News 23, no. 6-7 (1962): 2-9. A description of stone alignments and associated artifacts from northwestern South Dakota.
Gant, Robert. The Reva Site, Harding County, South Dakota. Museum News 22, no. 4-5 (1961): 1-3. A description of a three-level site in northwestern South Dakota.
Gant, Robert, and Jay Brandon. Comparative Craniometry of Human Crania from the Sherman Park Mounds (39MN8), Minnehaha County, South Dakota. Museum News 24, no. 2 (1963): 2-16. An analysis of four skulls in the museum collections.
Gant, Robert D., and Wesley R. Hurt. The Sturgis Archeological Project; An Archeological Survey of the Northern Black Hills. Museum News 26, no. 7-8 (1965): 1-54. A survey of right-of-way of proposed Interstate 90 located 35 archaeological sites. Includes a detailed description of the Gant Site (39ME9) that dated ca. 4,000 years old.
George, Edythe L. Report of the Investigation of the Robinson Site, Hughes County, South Dakota, Peoria Bottom, 1948. Pierre: South Dakota State Archaeological Commission. Archaeological Studies, Circular 1, 1949. 38 pp. Report of excavations at a village site about 17 miles north of Pierre, a site assumed to be a link between the LaRoche and Bowman sites.
George, Edythe L., and William H. George. Erosion Arrowheads. Minnesota Archaeologist 11 (1945): 68. A brief description of artifacts that were collected after the dust storms of the early 1930s.
George, William H., and Edythe L. George. Villages on the Banks of the Missouri River in South Dakota. Minnesota Archaeologist 11 (1945): 61-67. Describes the Steamboat Creek sites, assumed to be an Arikara village. Includes beautiful drawings of artifacts by Armin Arndt.
Gilbert, B. Miles. Some Aspects of Diet and Butchering Techniques Among Prehistoric Indians in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 14, no. 46 (1969): 277-294. Faunal remains from ten sites ranging from ca. 600 B.C. to A.D. 1600 were analyzed indicating species used in sites of the three major temporal divisions: Woodland, Middle Missouri, and Coalescent. Bison were the preferred animals in all time periods.
Gilbert, Robert M. Seasonal Dating of Burials at the Leavenworth Site (39CO9), with the Use of Fly Pupae. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 32 (1966): 172. A brief description of using fly pupae found in burials to determine in which season burial had occurred.
Gmeiner, Fr. John. The Precolumbian Inhabitants of Minnesota. Acta et Dicta 1, no. 2 (1908): 219-223. After reading publications of the Minnesota Historical Society, and drawing ideas from Father Craft of Fort Berthold that he in turn got from Indians, Fr. Gmeiner related the typical Bering Land Bridge hypothesis and commented on locations of several Sioux tribes at the time of initial contact with White people.
Goodrich, Albert Moses. Early Dakota Trails and Settlements at Centerville, Minn. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society 15 (1945): 315-322. In Anoka County, of local interest, it suggests prehistoric Sioux activities in east-central Minnesota.
Grange, Roger T., Jr. Ceramic Formula Dating of the Arikara. In Method and Theory in Plains Archaeology, edited by Alfred E. Johnson and Larry J. Zimmerman, 31-55. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 8, 1981. A discussion of the application of ceramic formula dating in the central Plains and an experimental application of the method to the Arikara ceramic tradition.
Gregg, John B. Additional Information Regarding the Health of the Crow Creek Villagers. South Dakota Archaeology 6 (1982): 69-81. An update of paleopathelogical information from further analysis of skeletal material excavated at the Crow Creek site. Provides additional information concerning the health of the prehistoric villagers.
Gregg, John B. Why Are Paleodemography and Paleopathology Important to South Dakota Archaeology?. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 57-63. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. An outline of the type of information that can by gathered by paleopathological study of human skeletal remains uncovered by archaeological excavation.
Gregg, John B., and Pauline S. Gregg. Dry Bones: Dakota Territory Revisited. Sioux Falls: University of South Dakota School of Medicine, 1987; reprinted 1989. 236 pp. An analysis of skeletal material describing health and disease of a prehistoric population.
Gregg, John B., James P. Steele, and Sylvester Clifford. Ear Disease in Skulls from the Sully Burial Site. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 30 (1965): 233-239. A study of 358 skulls, including 255 Arikara from a single burial area, looking for evidence of disease in and about the ears with special reference to infection and otosclerosis with fixation of the stapes footplate.
Gregg, John B., et. al. Ante-Mortem Osteopathology at Crow Creek. Plains Anthropologist 26, no. 94, pt. 1 (1981): 287-300. Over 486 individuals from the mid- fourteenth century massacre site were analyzed for evidence of disease, anomalies, and abnormalities.
Gregg, John B., et. al. Otolaryngic Osteopathology in 14th Century Mid-America: The Crow Creek Massacre. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 90, no. 3 (1981): 288- 293.
Gregg, John B., et. al. Craniofacial Anomalies in the Upper Missouri River Basin Over a Millennium: Archeological and Clinical Evidence. The Cleft Palate Journal 18, no. 3 (1981): 210-222.
Gregg, John B., and James P. Steele. Mastoid Development in Ancient and Modern Populations: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 248, no. 4 (1982): 459-464. Compares the prevelance of a common infectious disease, otitis media, throughout a population in a single region (South Dakota) during the past 1,000 years.
Gregg, John B., James P. Steele, and William M. Bass. Unusual Osteolytic Defects in Ancient South Dakota Skulls. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58 (1982): 243- 254. A paleopathological examination of eight skulls showing unusual osteolytic defects. The samples were culled from 4,000 individuals from probable Arikara village sites from 1300 to 1820 A.D.
Griffin, David E. Timber Procurement and Village Location in the Middle Missouri Subarea. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 177-185. Examines the importance of timber for the Plains Village populations of the Middle Missouri Subarea including timber succession and village location in relation to timber resources.
Grosser, Roger D. Federal Involvement in Great Plains Archaeology. In Method and Theory in Plains Archaeology, edited by Alfred E. Johnson and Larry J. Zimmerman, 57-64. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 8, 1981. Reviews historic developments over the last 40 years in the awarding of archaeological contracts to private contractual archaeologists rather than institutions. Summarizes federal contract work in the Missouri River Basin.
Haberman, Thomas W. Additional Comments on the Seeds from a McKean Site in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 11, no. 2-3 (1981): 3-4.
Haberman, Thomas W. Carbonized Seeds from the Extended Middle Missouri Component at the Travis I Site (39CO213). South Dakota Archaeology 6 (1982): 47-67. An analysis of carbonized plant remains other than wood charcoal from nine features assignable to the Extended variant of the Middle Missouri tradition occupation at a site west of Mobridge in Corson County. A total of 1,839 seed remains representing 13 plant families were identified and compared to data from the Mitchell site and to a Middle Mississippian site.
Haberman, Thomas W. Comment on McKean Plant Food Utilization. Plains Anthropologist 31, no. 113 (1986): 237-240. Suggests that there were fleshy plant food resources available to McKean populations (including those in South Dakota), the preparation of which may have involved the use of grinding stones and roasting pits and could have exceeded the gathering of small seeds in importance to the subsistence economy.
Haberman, Thomas W. Cultural Resources Survey of the Ward Draw Timber Sale (S24), Lawrence County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archeological Research Center, 1978. 18 pp. Description with photographs of four sites found on this survey. Three sites appeared to have historic association, and one had both historic and prehistoric components.
Haberman, Thomas W. Examination of a Waterscreened Soil Sample from a McKean Site in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 10, no. 2-3 (1980): 8-13.
Haberman, Thomas W. Excavation at the Dirt Lodge Village Site, 39SP11, in Spink County, South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 10, no. 4 (1980): 1-2.
Haberman, Thomas W. Historic Aspects of the Dirt Lodge Village Site in Spink County, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 7 (1983): 35-62. Prehistoric components at this site included an early manifestation of the Plains Village pattern. It is also the site of an historically documented Dakota earthlodge village.
Haberman, Thomas W. James River Survey Vol. II: Spink and Beadle Counties, South Dakota, 1980. Rapid City: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center, 1980. 224 pp. Continues the cultural resources survey concentrating on the river valley in Spink and Beadle counties.
Haberman, Thomas W. 1977 Summer Archaeological Investigations of the Stoeser Village (Indian School) Site; 39HU10. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 7, no. 3 (1977): 4-6. Report of fieldwork at a site threatened by a housing development. The site was assumed to be Arikara, but artifacts were not yet analyzed.
Haberman, Thomas W. Radiocarbon Dates for the Travis I Site, 39CO213. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 15, no. 2 (1985): 4-7. Two features produced identical dates (ca. A.D. 1170) that were then compared to other Extended Middle Missouri Variant dates.
Haberman, Thomas W. Test Excavation Evaluation of 39ST80: A Plains Woodland Site in Stanley County, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for South Dakota Dept. of Transportation. Contract Investigations Series 3, 1979. 42 pp. Reports results of test excavations of a site interpreted as a small, temporary, aceramic occupation tentatively assigned to the Sonota Complex of the Plains Woodland prehistoric occupation of the region.
Haberman, Thomas W., Therese Chevance, and Patricia Malone. Cultural Resource Investigations Along the Proposed Route of Highway 94 Between Scenic and Interior, Pennington County, South Dakota. Rapid City: State Archaeological Research Center for S.D. Dept. of Transportation, Contract Investigation Series 119, 1984. 145 pp. Ten sites in the survey area were evaluated and necessary excavation completed to assure that no sites would be destroyed during highway construction.
Hall, Robert L. An Archaeological Investigation in the Gavins Point Area, Yankton County, South Dakota. Museum News 22, no. 7 (1961): 1-3. Observations at the Gavin's Point site on the shore of Lewis and Clark Lake ten miles west of Yankton.
Hamon, J. Hill. Bird Remains from a Sioux Indian Midden. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 13 (1961): 208-212. Thirty-seven species of birds were represented at this Mill Creek Indian village. They provide information regarding the seasonal occupation of the site and about the environmental region.
Hanenberger, Ned H. The Springfield to Pickstown Survey: An Archeological Reconnaissance of the Missouri River Trench in Southeastern South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory and South Dakota Historical Preservation Center, 1980. 428 pp. A description of 51 sites, 49 of which were previously unrecorded, along the northern side of the Missouri River trench. Includes descriptions of six private collections from the area.
Hannus, L. A., Robert Alex, and L. J. Zimmerman. The Oakwood Lakes Site, 39BK7. Denver: Environmental Protection Agency, 1981. 2 vols. This is the first report of archeological investigations carried out in east-central South Dakota containing analysis of certain indicators that reflect the ecology and environment of prehistoric people in the area.
Hannus, L. Adrien. A Cultural Resources Survey of a Portion of the South Fork of the Cheyenne River, Fall River County, South Dakota. Brookings: South Dakota State University Archeology Laboratory Publications in Anthropology, no. 1, 1983. 159 pp. Sixty-six sites were identified over an eight-mile stretch of river terraces, ridges, and bluff tops. All cultural associations were surprisingly early, from Paleo Indian to Plains Archaic with no eastern cultural manifestations evident.
Hannus, L. Adrien. The Heath Site, 39LN15; A Preliminary Statement. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 5, no. 1 (1974): 6-19. Preliminary investigations indicated that this site south of Sioux Falls contained a mixture of Woodland, Mill Creek, and Great Oasis ceramic traditions.
Hannus, L. Adrien. The Lange-Ferguson Site: A Case for Mammoth Bone-Butchering Tools. In Megafauna and Man: Discovery of America's Heartland, edited by Larry D. Agenbroad, Jim I. Mead, and Lisa W. Nelson, 86-99. Hot Springs: Mammoth Site of Hot Spring, South Dakota, Inc. Scientific Papers vol.1, 1990. Excavations at a mammoth kill- butchering site on the edge of a Late Pleistocene pond in the White River Badlands of South Dakota established the presence of a Clovis cultural location, which expanded insights into butchering techniques associated with that culture.
Hannus, L. Adrien. The Lange/Ferguson Site: An Event of Clovis Mammoth Butchery with the Associated Bone Tool Technology: The Mammoth and its Track. Doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1985. This Clovis mammoth kill-butchering site at a late Pleistocene pond located in the White River Badlands of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation expands knowledge of Clovis dismemberment strategies.
Hannus, L. Adrien. Mammoth Hunting in the New World. In Hunters of the Recent Past, edited by L. B. Davis and B.O.K. Reeves, 47-67. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990. The majority of this paper presents information on the Lange-Ferguson site in the White River Badlands.
Hannus, L. Adrien. Report on 1985 Test Excavations at the Ray Long Site (39FA65) Angostura Reservoir, Fall River County, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 10 (1986): 48-104. This site has become known as the Type site for the Angostura cultural complex and dates ca. 7430 B.C.
Hannus, L. Adrien, and Robert Alex. A Preliminary Report of Archaeological Excavations at 39BK7, Section 7-T111N-R51W, Oakwood Lakes Bank/Shore Line Protection Project: Area 1 #S 804714-01-3. South Dakota Archaeological Research Center and South Dakota State University Archeological Laboratory for South Dakota Dept. of Water and Natural Resources, 1979.
Hannus, L. Adrien, Edward J. Lueck, and R. Peter Winham. Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey of a Portion of Bennett County South Dakota. Sioux Falls: Augustana College, White River Badlands, Regional Research Project Report, no. 6, 1986. 58 pp. A survey of six square miles located 16 aboriginal artifact scatters, one historic artifact scatter, an aboriginal quarry, and five aboriginal isolated finds. Projectile points recovered indicate utilization of the region from Late Plains Archaic to Late Prehistoric, with portions of the region as early as late Paleo Indian.
Hannus, L. Adrien, et. al. Cultural Resource Investigations of the South Dakota Segment of the Northern Border Pipeline Project. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Lab for the Northern Plains Natural Gas Co., Omaha, 1982. 6 vols. Includes bibliography in Volume 5, 41 pp.
Haug, James K. Approaches to the Analysis of Large Lithic Scatters: The Highway 18 Archaeological Project, South Dakota. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 47-50. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. The method used to collect and analyze a large lithic scatter at one cultural resource management project might be used to an advantage at other lithic scatter sites.
Haug, James K. An Archaeological Test Excavation at the Garden Site, 39DE6. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 9, no. 4 (1979): 1-7. Ceramics from this site on the shore of Coteau Lake in northwestern Deuel County identified it as an affiliate of the early Plains Village Tradition, while a projectile point from the site represented Late Woodland affiliation.
Haug, James K. Archaeological Test Excavations at Long Mountain, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for Union Carbide Corporation. Contract Investigations Series 2, 1979. 57 pp. Two sites were excavated in Fall River County: one was previously destroyed and the other appeared to be a hearth tentatively identified as Glendo Complex of the Pelican Lake Composite.
Haug, James K. Archeological Reconnaissance in the Vicinity of Red and Craven Canyons, Fall River County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for the Union Carbide Corporation, 1976. 31 pp. Seventeen sites were recorded in this survey of 640 acres on the outer hogback ridge of the Black Hills.
Haug, James K. Archeological Survey of Coldbrook and Cottonwood Springs Reservoirs, Fall River County, South Dakota, 1976. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1976. 28 pp. The entire area of both reservoirs were surveyed. Seven sites were located in the Coldbrook Reservoir, and one in the Cottonwood Springs reservoir. All but one site were prehistoric.
Haug, James K. Cultural Resource Survey of Proposed Drill Sites in Northwestern South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for Union Carbide Corporation, 1978. 38 pp. A survey report for uranium drilling sites in portions of Butte, Harding, Meade, and Perkins counties in northwestern South Dakota including descriptions of 19 sites located.
Haug, James K. Cultural Resources Survey in the Southern Black Hills, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for Union Carbide Corporation, 1978. 138 pp. A report on survey of two areas of the southern and southwestern slopes of the outer hogback ridge of the Black Hills. Describes 88 cultural sites, 38 of which are classified as aboriginal.
Haug, James K. Cultural Resources Survey of Selected Silver King Mine Properties in Custer and Fall River Counties, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center, 1978. 210 pp. Fifty of 127 sites located are described in this report for the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Haug, James K. The Effects of Corps of Engineers Activities on Archaeological Sites in South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 21, no. 2 (1991): 4-5. Summary of a critical assessment of Corps policy on the Missouri River, which was presented as testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives.
Haug, James K. Excavations at the Winter Site and at Hartford Beach Village 1980- 1981. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center, 1982. 57 pp. Report of excavations at the Winter Site (39DE5), a multicomponent site situated at Coteau Lake in Deuel County, and at Hartford Beach Village (39RO5), a fortified village in Roberts County.
Haug, James K. A Great Oasis Site in Marshall County. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 7, no. 2 (1977): 5. Brief statement on the Roy Lake Site based on examination of ceramics identified as representative of Great Oasis.
Haug, James K. The 1987 Angostura Project. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 17, no. 3-4 (1987): 2-3. A survey of several sites at the Angostura Reservoir.
Haug, James K., ed. Report of a 1981 Archeological Salvage Excavation at the Crow Creek Site, 39BF11, Buffalo County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigation Series, no. 109, 1986. 337 pp. Describes laboratory analysis of a small salvage excavation at this site in an attempt to preserve data from several prehistoric features that were eroding into Fort Randall Reservoir.
Haug, James K. Two Sites Tested on the James River. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 9, no. 3 (1979): 11-12. Brief report on progress of the James River survey, with testing at the Ferguson Site and the Redstone Rings Site.
Haug, James K. Winter and Hartford Beach Carbon Dates Received. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 13, no. 1 (1983): 4.
Haug, James K., and Betty Sterner. Projectile Points from the Ries Site. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 8, no. 4 (1978): 1-2. An examination of 24 points from 39DE7 indicated occupation by at least three different prehistoric groups: Cody Complex, McKean Composite, and Pelican Lake Composite.
Haug, James K., Ronald J. Rood, and Vicki Overholser Rood. Report of the Class I and II Cultural Resources Investigations of a Portion of the CENDAK Water Project Area, Eastern South Dakota. Vol. I: Archaeological Sampling Survey of the East Half of the Proposed CENDAK Irrigation System. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series, no. 79, 1983. 158 pp. Ninety-four sites were recorded as part of a sample survey and an additional 12 sites were recorded outside the sample areas. Sixty- three sites were considered potentially significant.
Hecker, Thad C. Mandan-Arikara Pottery. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 1, no. 4 (1948; Reprinted 1961): 62. A brief summary of decorative motifs and manufacturing techniques of Mandan and Arikara pottery.
Helgevold, Mary Keepers. A History of South Dakota Archaeology. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory. South Dakota Archaeological Society Special Publication 3, 1981. 105 pp. Traces the development of archaeology in the state through the personalities of individuals who have researched its prehistory, the changing trends in theories and techniques, and the establishment of state and federal laws that have led to current archaeological programs. Its emphasis is on the history of South Dakota archaeology, not the cultures of the prehistoric societies.
Helgevold, Mary Keepers. Salvage Archaeology in South Dakota 1944-1969. South Dakota Archaeology 4 (1980): 1-27. An historical account of the state, federal, and other agencies involved in salvage archaeology along the Missouri River before the construction of dams. Especially concentrates on the South Dakota Archaeological Commission.
Helmick, John M. Stone Mounds and Serpent of Hughes County, South Dakota. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences 6, 1889-1897 (1897): 170-171. A brief description with drawing of stone alignments as viewed in 1883.
Henning, Elizabeth R. Great Oasis and Middle Missouri Tradition. In The Future of the Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 33-38. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. Discusses the relationships of the Great Oasis cultural groups to other cultural groups, especially the Middle Missouri and Central Plains Tradition groups.
Hewes, Gordon. Early Tribal Migrations in the Northern Great Plains. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 1, no. 4 (1948; Reprinted 1961): 49-61. An interpretation of generally accessible published information summarizing prehistoric and protohistoric tribal migrations in the northern Plains.
Hill, A. J. Mounds in Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Minnesota Historical Collections 6 (1894): 311-312. Descriptions of mounds the author visited personally between 1860 and 1873. Includes description of mounds in the vicinity of present-day Sioux Falls.
Hill, Walter E., Jr., and Robert W. Neuman. Copper Artifacts from Prehistoric Archeological Sites in the Dakotas. Science 154, no. 3753 (1966): 1171-1173. Thirteen archeological specimens were analyzed spectrographically and were determined to be native copper. Twelve of the specimens were believed to be of Lake Superior ore; the other remained unidentified.
Hjort, Carol Jane. Chipped Stone Projectile Points from 29FA23. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 22, no. 2 (1992): 1-3. Description and analysis of 29 points indicates that all were arrow points, used probably to kill pronghorn and bison associated with the site.
Hoard, Lyon J. Report of the Investigation of the Meyer Site: Stanley County, South Dakota, Near the Mouth of the Cheyenne River. Pierre: State Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Circular, no. 2, 1949. 31 pp.
Hoffman, J. J. Archaeological Inference in Societal Modeling: Social Organization of the Bad River Phase. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 21-27. The Bad River Phase refers to the archaeological content of a group of eighteenth century Arikara villages in central South Dakota. Ethnohistoric accounts were used to reflect the social organization, which was deemed matricentered and cohesive, with reinforcing mechanisms between female technologies and structural levels of organization.
Hoffman, J. J. Excavation of Fort George Village (39ST17) in the Big Bend Reservoir of South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 27 (1965): 46-47. One paragraph summary of excavations at a fortified earth-lodge settlement.
Hoffman, J. J. Excavations at Molstad Village in Oahe Reservoir. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 20 (1963): 118-119. Brief summary of 39DW234, a single component, fortified earth-lodge site about ten miles below the mouth of the Grand River.
Hoffman, J. J. Investigation of the Swift Bird House (39DW233) in the Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 22 (1963): 249-256. A tenuous relationship to the Anoka Focus and a possible occupation date of about A.D. 1500 was suggested for this prehistoric structure.
Hoffman, J. J. The La Roche Sites. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 11, 1968. 123 pp. Two sites named La Roche were excavated. One had been identified by W.H. Over, and the other by Alfred W. Bowers. They were given the numbers 39ST9 and 39ST232 to distinguish the two villages.
Hoffman, J. J. Molstad Village. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 4, 1967. 123 pp. Provides a comprehensive analysis of the Chouteau Aspect of the Extended Coalescent Horizon of the Middle Missouri area. Further defines the La Roche development which was the most widespread of the archaeological horizons recognized at the time in the Middle Missouri area.
Hoffman, J. J. Seriation of Certain Arikara Villages. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 1 (1972): 20-34. Selected villages of eighteenth century Arikara were seriated on the basis of presumably sensitive pottery traits resulting in two agreeing temporal models, one statistical and one graphical.
Hoffman, J. J. An Unusual Pottery Object from South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 13, no. 39 (1968): 29-30. Briefly describes a pottery spoon found at the Rosa Site, and suggests that it is an example of a reinterpreted product of acculturation.
Hoffman, J. J., and Lionel A. Brown. The Bad River Phase. Plains Anthropologist 12, no. 37 (1967): 323-343. On the basis of spatial and temporal distribution, as well as comparable material culture, the Bad River Phase represents a portion of eighteenth century Arikara population in South Dakota.
Hoffman, W. J. Ancient Hearths and Modern Indian Remains in the Missouri Valley. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 18 (1877): 209-212. Concerns sites near the mouth of the Grand River.
Holder, Preston. The Hoe and the Horse on the Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970. 176 pp. Includes discussion of some South Dakota groups in an overview of two aspects of native life on the Great Plains: hoe farming and hunting from horseback.
Holder, Preston. The Role of Caddoan Horticulturalists in Culture History on the Great Plains. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1951. Examines the part that native horticultural societies played in the cultural changes occurring on the Great Plains between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries.
Hovde, David M. Archaeological Excavations at the Bull Site, 39HU191, Hughes County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archeological Research Center for the S.D. Department of Transportation, Contract Investigations Series 36B, 1982. 27 pp. A description of the Bull Site, which consists of five stone circles and three stone features associated with habitation structures indicative of early hunting and gathering activities as well as large scale lithic manufacturing. There appeared to be two occupations, one of which postdated A.D. 900. Hovde, David M. Archaeological Excavations of Stone Circle Sites on the Southern Black Hills Periphery and Cheyenne River Drainage. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 36A, 1981. 112 pp. A report on salvage excavation of four stone circle sites on the southeast edge of the Black Hills.
Hovde, David M. The Hermosa Tipi Ring Site (39PN375). Plains Anthropologist 28, no. 102, pt. 2; Memoir 19 (1983): 29-33. A summary of fieldwork at a nearly pristine archaeological site consisting of 30 stone rings, which was probably occupied at least as early as the Middle Plains Archaic period.
Hovde, David M. Stone Circle Research and the Ethnographic Record. South Dakota Archaeology 6 (1982): 33-45. Reviews many of the earlier theories concerning stone circles in relation to ethnographic literature.
Howard, James H. Archeological Investigations at the Spawn Mound 39LK201, Lake County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 13, no. 40 (1968): 132-145. This site appeared to be a Plains Woodland burial mound later used by historic Dakota for secondary interments. On the basis of limited ceramic material, the Woodland component was tentatively assigned to the Loseke Focus.
Howard, James H. Arikara Native-Made Glass Pendants: Their Probable Function. American Antiquity 37, no. 1 (1972): 93-97. Associations of native-made pendants with skulls from the Leavenworth Site support the hypothesis based on ethnographic data that the sub- triangular pendant was a forelock ornament.
Howard, James H. New Notes on the Dakota Earth Lodge. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 4, no. 1 (1951; Reprinted 1961): 4-9. Updates information published in Hurt and Howard article in 1950 using winter count pictographs.
Howard, James H., and Robert D. Gant. Archeological Salvage Investigations in the Gavin's Point Reservoir Area, Lewis and Clark Lake, Nebraska and South Dakota, 1963-1964. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum, Archaeological Studies, Circular 11, 1966. 69 pp. Describes the results of a two-year archaeological salvage project that explored the entire shoreline of Lewis and Clark Lake. Twenty-one new sites were found, 11 in Nebraska and ten in Bon Homme and Yankton counties, South Dakota.
Hughes, Jack T. Investigations in Western South Dakota and Northeastern Wyoming. American Antiquity 14, no. 4 (1949): 266-277. Five proposed reservoir sites in the Cheyenne Basin were explored, including a thorough investigation at Angostura. Does not include Edgemont and Keyhole because the data had not yet been evaluated.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Archaeological Work at the Tabor and Arp Sites. Museum News 22, no. 8 (1961): 1-6. Report of preliminary work at Tabor, with a more complete report of work at the Arp Site (39BR101), a Woodland village.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Archaeology of South Dakota. Museum News 22, no. 1 (1961): 2-5. A brief overview of prehistoric life in South Dakota.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. A Classification of Archaeological Sites Excavated by the W.H. Over Museum. Museum News 18, no. 9 (1957): 1-5. Describes characteristics of types of sites including Over Focus, Thomas Riggs Focus, Le Beau Focus, and Sutton Focus.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Dougherty Mounds. Museum News 14, no. 4 (1953): 1-3. Written from W.H. Over's field notes from excavations in 1923 of eight mounds in Roberts County near Lake Traverse.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Excavations in the Missouri Valley, Summer, 1951. Museum News 12, no. 7 (1951): 5-8. Announcing plans to excavate Scalp Creek Village to salvage information before flooding by the Fort Randall Dam.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Fort Randall Archaeological Survey. Museum News 21, no. 7-8 (1960): 3-4. Preliminary report of four prehistoric sites exposed by wave action on the Fort Randall Reservoir.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Fortified Indian Village Sites in South Dakota. Museum News 16, no. 10-11 (1955): 1-4; 2-4. Summaries of Artichoke Creek Village Site, Ashley Island Village, and the Arzberger Village from W. H. Over's notes.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Hafted Knives from South Dakota. Museum News 13, no. 8 (1952): 1-2. A description of hafted stone knives in the museum collections.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Harpoon Points from South Dakota. Museum News 13, no. 10 (1952): 1-3. A description of two harpoon points found in South Dakota.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Hartford Beach Mound. Museum News 13, no. 12 (1953): 2-5. Report of excavation of skeletal materials and artifacts from a mound on the west shore of Big Stone Lake.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. House Types of the Over Focus, South Dakota. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 4, no. 4 (1952; Reprinted 1961): 44-46. A description with drawings of large rectangular houses from several sites representing the Over Focus.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. A New Radiocarbon Date from South Dakota. Museum News 21, no. 11-12 (1960): 1-3. Radiocarbon analysis dated the Gant Site (39ME9) at 4130 plus or minus 130 B.P. Discusses the significance of this site date for cultural sequence of South Dakota prehistory.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. 1960 Excavations at the Gant, No Heart, and Ree Heights Sites. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 12, pt. 1 (1961): 56. A brief summary of summer excavation projects of the W. H. Over Museum.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The 1962 Excavations of the Sherman Park Mound Site, 39MN8; A Newly Radiocarbon Dated Site in South Dakota. Museum News 24, no. 1 (1963): 1-4, 6-7. Excavations indicated Woodland association at these mounds. A bone sample was dated 387 plus or minus 180 A.D.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Painted Pottery from South Dakota. Museum News 14, no. 2-3 (1953): 1-4; 1-3. Detailed description of 46 painted pottery sherds from the museum collections, considered unusual specimens from the northern Plains. Sherds analyzed were from the Over focus and the Thomas Riggs village.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Pottery Types of the Over Focus in South Dakota. In Prehistoric Pottery of the Eastern United States, edited by J. B. Griffin, 1-19. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, 1954. An identification guide to use when analyzing pottery, which might fit the definitions of the Over Focus.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Radio Carbon Dates from South Dakota. Museum News 20, no. 5 (1959): 1-4. A list of radiocarbon dates for six village sites, which were older than estimates based on tree-ring dates.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Report of the Investigation of the Scalp Creek Site, 39GR1, and the Ellis Creek Site, 39GR2, South Dakota, 1941, 1951. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission. Archaeological Studies, Circular 4, 1952. 98 pp. Excavations at two of the largest Woodland villages in the Missouri River Valley of South Dakota. The sites, especially Scalp Creek, represent the transition between the Woodland hunting culture and the agricultural village dwelling Plains Indians.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Report of the Investigation of the Spotted Bear Site, 39HU26, and the Cottonwood Site, 39HU43, Hughes County, South Dakota, 1953. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Circular 6, 1954. 68 pp. Report on salvage excavations of two village sites in the Oahe Reservoir area.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Report of the Investigation of the Swan Creek Site, 39WW7, Walworth County, South Dakota, 1954-1956. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Circular 7, 1957. 89 pp. The final report of salvage excavation of an earthlodge village in the Oahe Reservoir area.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Report of the Investigation of the Thomas Riggs Site, 39HU1, Hughes County, South Dakota, 1952. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Circular 5, 1953. 98 pp. Report of salvage excavation of a village site in the Oahe Reservoir area.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Report of the Investigations of the Rosa Site, 39PO3, Potter County, South Dakota, 1957. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Circular 9, 1959. 75 pp. Revised edition: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center, 1974. 75 pp. (Because the first edition contained numerous printing errors, it never was widely circulated. The revised edition corrects the errors and includes a rewritten summary and conclusions.) This excavated agricultural village apparently was inhabited only during the planting and harvesting seasons, and probably was abandoned a few years before the Lewis and Clark expedition.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Report of the Investigations of the Swanson Site, 39BR16, Brule County, South Dakota, 1950. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission, Archaeological Studies, Circular 3, 1951. 106 pp. This village site differed from the majority of sites along the Missouri because it was located on one of the lowermost terraces of the valley rather than on the higher terraces. It was a small village identified as part of the Over Focus.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. A Report on the Investigations of the No Heart Creek Site, 39AR2, Dewey County, South Dakota, 1960. Plains Anthropologist 15, no. 49 (1970): 169-215. Describes in detail the final results of a project at a site consisting of a double settlement pattern, a village surrounded by scattered earth lodges, probably occupied during the period A.D. 1550- 1575.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Rosa Archaeological Project. Museum News 18, no. 6 (1957): 1-2. Preliminary report of large village site across the river from Cheyenne River Agency.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Scalp Creek Project. Museum News 12, no. 9,10 (1951): 1- 4; 1-2. Report of excavations in progress during the summer of 1951 on an earthlodge village and a Woodland village underneath it.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Seasonal Economic and Settlement Patterns of the Arikara. Plains Anthropologist 14, no. 43 (1969): 32-37. Tentative observations regarding seasonal changes of economic and settlement patterns of the Arikara.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Sommers Site. Museum News 12, no. 5 (1951): 1-8. Report on a village site located on a high terrace of the Missouri River in Stanley County south of Pierre.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. South Dakota Archaeology, Part I-VIII. Museum News 11, no. 4-10 (1950). A six-part series summarizing prehistoric cultures in the South Dakota region.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Spotted Bear Archaeological Project. Museum News 14, no. 5-6 (1953). Excavation on Peoria Bottom east of Thomas Riggs's ranch 18 miles upstream from Pierre, revealed a Dakota teepee settlement, dating 1870-1900.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Sturgis Archaeological Project. Museum News 21, no. 4-6 (1960): 1-4. Survey for proposed Interstate 90 discovered 30 sites, including the Gant Site.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Swan Creek Project. Museum News 15, no. 7-8 (1954): 1-4. Report of seven-week excavation at an earthlodge village near the mouth of Swan Creek in Walworth County.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Swan Creek Project. Museum News 16, no. 3 (1955): 1-3. Report of excavations in progress at 39WW7, a multicomponent site.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Swanson Site, BR16. Museum News 11, no. 11 (1950): 1-4. Excavation progress report for a village site located in the Brule Bottom north of Chamberlain.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. The Thomas Riggs Site. Museum News 13, no. 6 (1952): 1-3. Excavation progress report of a nine-week project at a village site (39HU1) 20 miles north of Pierre.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. Woodland Burial Mounds. Museum News 15, no. 12 (1954): 1-3. Information from W.H. Over's excavation notes from the Bloom Mounds in Hanson County.
Hurt, Wesley R., Jr., et. al. Report of the Investigations of the Four Bear Site, 39DW2, Dewey County, South Dakota, 1958-1959. Vermillion: W.H. Over Museum, Archaeological Studies, Circular 10, 1962. 97 pp. Joint project of the South Dakota Archaeological Commission, W. H. Over Museum, and National Park Service. Excavation before flooding of a permanently occupied fortified earth lodge village including a burial ground.
Husted, Wilfred M. The Meander Site (39LM201) in Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 29 (1965): 152-165. The few artifacts recovered indicated the occupation belonged to the Chouteau Aspect. Ceramic analysis suggested the site was occupied at a time somewhat prior to the occupation of the Crazy Bull Site.
Husted, Wilfred M. Site 39LM219 in the Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 29 (1965): 171-180. An earth-lodge village assigned to the Chouteau Aspect, assumed to date about A.D. 1700 and probably part of the Crazy Bull Site.
Husted, Wilfred M., and Warren W. Caldwell. Archeological Sites in Loess Regions of the Missouri Drainage Basin. In Loess and Related Eolian Deposits of the World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Proceedings of the VII Congress of the International Association for Quaternary Research 12 (1968): 101-114. Husted's article The Probable Age of the Altithermal on the Western Plains relates climatic conditions to Middle Missouri Tradition sites in central South Dakota. Caldwell's article The Later Occupations: A Summary compares the Central Plains Tradition and Middle Missouri Traditions.
Jantz, Richard L. Change and Variation in Skeletal Populations of Arikara Indians. Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, 1970. Tests the feasibility of detecting micro- evolutionary changes in a series of skeletal populations from six Arikara sites and relating them to evolutionary processes.
Jantz, Richard L. Cranial Variation and Microevolution in Arikara Skeletal Populations. Plains Anthropologist 17, no. 55 (1972): 20-35. An analysis of crania from six archaeological sites indicated that morphological changes between early and late groups were related to the increasing intensity of evolutionary processes as the contact period progressed.
Jantz, Richard L. Craniometric Relationships of Plains Populations: Historical and Evolutionary Implications. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 162- 176. An analysis of large skeletal samples from Arikara burials near Mobridge determined that craniometic changes support the archaeological hypothesis that Coalescent Tradition cultures grew out of the Central Plains Tradition.
Jantz, Richard L. The Mobridge (39WW1) Cemetery in Plains Prehistory. Master's thesis, University of Tennessee, 1980.
Jantz, Richard L. The Redbird Focus: Cranial Evidence in Tribal Identification. Plains Anthropologist 19 (63) (1974): 5-13. The hypothesis that the Redbird Focus was antecedent to the historic Ponca was found tenable on the basis of available cranial evidence.
Jantz, Richard L., and Douglas W. Owsley. Osteological Analysis of the Burial from the McClure Site. Plains Anthropologist 27, no. 98, pt. 2 (1982): 54-58. Analysis of a female skeleton recovered from a house during excavations at 39HU7.
Jantz, Richard L., D. W. Owsley, and P. Willey. Craniometric Variation in the Northern and Central Plains. Plains Anthropologist 26, no. 94, pt. 2 Memoir 17 (1981): 19- 30. Cranial measurements of 25 samples ascribed to Arikara, Mandan, Pawnee, Ponca, and Omaha were subjected to canonical analysis for comparative purposes.
Jantz, Richard L., and Patrick Willey. Temporal and Geographic Patterning of Relative Head Height in the Central Plains and Middle Missouri Areas. Plains Anthropologist 28, no. 99 (1983): 59-67. The Auricular Mean Height Index is examined in samples of crania from Caddoan and Mandan speakers and from Woodland groups, and the relationships with time and geographical location are analyzed.
Jensen, Richard E. Excavations at the Durkin Site (39ST238) South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 12, no. 36 (1967): 205-206. A brief summary of excavations at a site containing at least 15 houses on the Missouri River approximately 25 miles downstream from Pierre.
Jensen, Richard E. The Peterson Site (39LM215): An Earth Lodge Village in the Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 36; Memoir 3 (1966): 76-99. One circular earth lodge and an interhouse test trench were excavated in an unfortified village of about 40 lodges. The artifact inventory suggested that the village, tentatively assigned to the Fort Thompson Focus, was probably occupied during the mid-nineteenth century.
Jensen, Richard E. The Sommers Site, 1964. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 27 (1965): 48. Brief description of excavations of three houses and midden deposit in a village of more than 70 lodge depressions on the Missouri River about 25 miles downstream from Pierre.
Johnson, Alfred E., and Larry J. Zimmerman, eds. Method and Theory in Plains Archaeology: A Volume Dedicated to Carlysle S. Smith. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 8, 1981. 112 pp. Edited versions of eight papers presented at the 38th Plains Anthropological Conference in honor of Dr. Carlysle S. Smith. Four of the papers relating to archaeology in South Dakota are listed separately in this bibliography.
Johnson, Ann M. Extended Middle Missouri Components in the Big Bend Region, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeological Society Special Publication 1, 1979. 230 pp. Published version of the author's thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia. An analysis of ceramics from seven Modified Initial Middle Missouri variant sites was conducted to evaluate the degree of Initial and Extended variant influence on the Modified variant. A related project tested the correlation between radiocarbon and tree-ring dates in an attempt to obtain additional chronological sequences for the three variants.
Johnson, Ann M. Extended Middle Missouri Sites in the Grand-Moreau Region, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 8-9 (1984-85): 11-39. Presents data from three Grand- Moreau sites: Timber Creek (39CO201), 39CO212, and 39DW224. Two of the three sites also contain Coalescent Tradition components in addition to the Extended Middle Missouri.
Johnson, Ann M. An Initial Middle Missouri Campsite in Badlands National Park. South Dakota Archaeology 13 (1989): 1-28. A report on the Johnny Site, which adds to information available on the study of Middle Missouri tradition villagers in western South Dakota.
Johnson, Ann M. Testing the Modified Initial Middle Missouri Variant. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 14-27. An analysis based primarily on ceramics, supplemented by a new series of radiocarbon dates, concludes that the Modified Initial Middle Missouri Variant is not a valid taxon.
Johnson, Craig M. Ceramic Classification in the Middle Missouri Subarea of the Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, Dept. of Anthropology, Division of Archeological Research Technical Report 80-01, 1980. 88 pp. Provides a brief history of ceramic classification within the middle Missouri Subarea and organizes information on previously defined ceramic groups. Much of the information is provided in three ceramic identification keys, which encompass all ceramic groups defined for Plains Village sites in the Middle Missouri. Does not include Plains Woodland ceramics.
Johnson, Ann M. Factor Analysis As a Technique for Exploring Patterned Variability in Archaeological Remains. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 38- 52. Factor analysis was used to assess arrangement of provenience units from the Medicine Crow Site (39BF2) based on similarities of ceramic vessels within each provenience. Results isolated two patterns of variation interpreted as relating to temporal and spatial variation at the site.
Johnson, Ann M. Stylistic Variation in Ceramics from the Medicine Crow Site (39BF2), South Dakota. Master's thesis, University of Nebraska, 1977.
Johnson, Elden. Decorative Motifs on Great Oasis Pottery. Plains Anthropologist 14, no. 46 (1969): 272-276. Illustrates and describes decorative design motifs on Great Oasis Incised rim sherds with the suggestion that using decorative modes in ceramic comparisons with the Over Focus might be useful.
Johnston, Lynn. Woodland Pot Found in Hutchinson County: 39HT30. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 14, no. 4 (1984): 1-3. Brief description of a 13- mound burial complex near the confluence of Wolf Creek and the James River.
Johnston, Richard B. An Analysis of the Survey Collection from the Pascal Creek Site (39AR207), Armstrong County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 33 (1966): 176- 185. Descriptive analysis of a limited survey collection, primarily ceramics, revealed this site to be an eighteenth century settlement resembling villages along the Missouri River associated with the Snake Butte Focus.
Johnston, Richard B. Archaeology of the McClure Site (39HU7) and the Protohistoric Period in the Big Bend Region of South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 27, no. 98, pt. 2 (1982): 1-53. Description of an unfortified Arikara village from the end of the seventeenth century which was thought to have played some role in the emerging Bad River Phase.
Johnston, Richard B. The Hitchell Site. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 3, 1967. 113 pp. This is the first analysis of a site (39CH45) excavated in 1952. As one of few sites in the Fort Randall Reservoir to be completely excavated, it is significant because this area appears to have been crucial in the development and growth of both the Middle Missouri and Coalescent traditions.
Johnston, Richard B., ed. Lake Sharpe, Big Bend Dam: Archeology, History, Geology. Omaha: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1967. 46 pp. An overview of prehistoric and historic cultures based on information retrieved by salvage archaeology excavations in the Big Bend Dam project.
Johnston, Richard B. The Prairie Peninsula and Its Relationship to Riverine Settlements of the Middle Missouri. Iowa Archaeological Society Journal 18 (1971): 45. A collection of papers that deal with the contributing factors and culture history of prehistoric settlements in eastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, and northwestern Iowa.
Johnston, Richard B. The Thomas Riggs Site (39HU1) Revisited, Hughes County, South Dakota. American Antiquity 32, no. 3 (1967): 393-395. Exploratory excavation confirmed the presence of a fortification system, first detected on aerial photographs and not reported before.
Johnston, Richard B., and J. J. Hoffman. An Analysis of Four Survey Collections from Armstrong County, South Dakota, 39AR2, (No Heart Creek Site), 39AR4, 39AR5 and 39AR7. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 31; Memoir 3 (1966): 39-75. The materials collected from four sites were described and analyzed and compared to seven other sites along the Missouri River in north-central South Dakota. The sites, referred to as the No Heart Creek complex, were related to the Le Compte Focus and were characterized by a distinctive settlement pattern.
Jones, David T. Excavations at the Cattle Oiler and Ketchen Sites, Stanley County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 12, no. 36 (1967): 206. Brief summary of progress on excavations at 39ST224 and 39ST223, possibly representing the remains of a continuous occupation during Middle Missouri Tradition times.
Kant, Joanita. Salvage Excavations at the Hofer Mound (39HT2). South Dakota Archaeology 3 (1979): 91-113. Also in: Papers, 12th Dakota History Conference, Karl E. Mundt Historical and Educational Foundation Series 7, edited by H.W. Blakely, 1981. Salvage excavation of about 19 individuals possibly associated with the Woodland Tradition were conducted at this site near Freeman, South Dakota. Includes analysis of skeletal material.
Karklins, Karlis. The Fire Cloud Site (39BF237), Buffalo County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 15, no. 48 (1970): 135-142. Three previously unreported variants of Talking Crow Straight Rim pottery were found during the excavation of a cache pit near Old Fort Thompson.
Kehoe, Thomas F., and Bruce A. McCorquodale. The Avonlea Point, Horizon Marker for the Northwestern Plains. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 13 (1961): 179-188. While most of the article discusses the Avonlea sites from Canada, there is an association of the Avonlea complex in a few South Dakota sites, especially the Truman Mound site.
Keller, Stephen, and Karen P. Zimmerman. Cultural Resource Investigations of the Waubay National Wildlife Refuge. Vermillion: Dakota Interactive Services for U.S. Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1981. 160 pp. A survey of prehistoric and historic sites within Waubay Refuge, located in Day County. Detailed descriptions are given for 14 prehistoric and 13 historic sites.
Keller, Steve, and Renee Keller. Belle Fourche River Project Volume I: Western Butte County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 144-I, 1984. 167 pp. A cultural resources survey of 1,000 square miles that consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey of the floodplain, terraces, and lower reaches of tributary streams, and a reconnaissance survey of the remaining area based on information from local informants. Describes sites found and provides general information on the project area.
Keller, Steve, and Renee Keller. James River Survey Vol. 4: Brown County South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 68:IV, 1983. 153 pp. Report of the sixth and final season of the James River project. Work was almost entirely in Brown County and included parts of Elm River and Mocassin Creek. The final volume in the set, this includes a chapter summarizing 1977-1983 survey work on the James.
Keller, Steve, and Renee Keller. James River Survey Vol. 3: Spink County South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 68:III, 1982. 296 pp. Includes literature search, laboratory and field methods, survey results, and descriptions of sites recorded in the James River Valley of Spink County.
Keller, Steve W., and William M. Kurtz. Belle Fourche River Project Vol. 4: Central Meade County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigation Series 144-IV, 1987. 252 pp. An extensive survey of the area resulted in recording 51 archaeological sites that are described in this report.
Keller, Steve, Renee Keller, and David B. Miller. Belle Fourche River Project Volume 2: Eastern Butte County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Center Contract Investigation Series 144-II, 1985. 341 pp. A reconnaissance survey recorded 27 sites and visited four previously recorded sites; an intensive survey recorded 42 sites and visited one previously recorded site.
Kenne, Arthur. Analysis of Lithics from the Mitchell Site (39DV2). Master's thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1973.
Keyser, James D. The Archaeological Identification of Local Populations: A Case Study from the Northwestern Plains. Plains Anthropologist 30, no. 108 (1985): 85-102. Provides technological analyses of McKean artifacts from two large, multicomponent occupation sites in the Grand River drainage of North and South Dakota.
Keyser, James D. The Evidence for McKean Complex Plant Utilization. Plains Anthropologist 31, no. 113 (1986): 225-235. The data from four McKean sites were summarized and placed in regional perspective in order to illustrate a group of research questions regarding McKean subsistence patterns.
Keyser, James D. Rock Art of the North Cave Hills. In Rock Art of Western South Dakota, edited by L. Adrien Hannus, 1-55. Sioux Falls: Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 9, 1984. A description of designs, which compose five major descriptive categories: anthropomorphs, zoomorphs, material culture items, tool grooves, and geometric abstracts.
Kivett, Marvin F., and Richard E. Jensen. The Crow Creek Site (39BF11). Nebraska State Historical Society Publications in Anthropology 7 (1976): 221 pp. This report was based on material recovered from the site during the summer field seasons of 1954 and 1955, well before the later discovery of the mass burial associated with the site.
Knudson, Ruthann, Jeanne M. Moe, and Alfred W. Bowers. The Anton Rygh Excavations and Assemblage, Campbell County, South Dakota; A Report on Materials Gathered by Alfred W. Bowers in 1957-1959, With Emphasis on the 1958 Collection. Moscow: University of Idaho Laboratory of Anthropology, Anthropology Research Manuscript Series, no. 75 (1983): 307 pp. A technical review of excavated features of a fortified village site (39CA4) in the Oahe Reservoir that included several components, perhaps representing the Extended Middle Missouri and the Extended and Post-Contact Coalescent cultural variants of the Plains Village Tradition.
Kornfeld, Marcel, and Lawrence C. Todd. McKean/Middle Plains Archaic: Current Research. Laramie: Occasional Papers on Wyoming Archaeology, no. 4, 1985. 211 pp.
Kotch, Jonathan, and Ellen L. Starr. The Fox Island Site (39DW230), Dewey County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 13, no. 42, pt. 1 (1968): 310-338. An examination of this site on the west bank of the Missouri River in north-central South Dakota revealed an unfortified settlement of approximately 30 earthlodges, an Extended Coalescent village that appeared to be a descendant of the complex defined at Molstad Village.
Krause, Richard A. Archeology and Cultural Change in the Middle Missouri. Master's thesis, University of Nebraska, 1962. 207 pp.
Krause, Richard A. Arikara Ceramic Change: A Study of Factors Affecting Sylistic Change in Late 18th and Early 19th Century Arikara Pottery. Doctoral dissertation, Yale University, 1967. A study of changes in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Arikara ceramics and their relationship to the complex of social, economic, and political influences to which Arikara potters were exposed.
Krause, Richard A. The Leavenworth Site: Archaeology of an Historic Arikara Community. Lawrence: University of Kansas Publications in Anthropology 3, 1972. 117 pp. A report and analysis of information from a village site (39CO9) in the Middle Missouri area combined with ethnohistorical data provided a model of early nineteenth century Arikara culture change.
Krause, Richard A. Taxonomic Practice and Middle Missouri Prehistory: A Perspective on Donald J. Lehmer's Contributions. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 5-13. The logical properties of the Midwestern Taxonomic System and the Willey and Phillips System were used as a background against which Lehmer's (1954) accomplishments were measured.
Krause, Richard A. The Type Tycoon: Carlyle S. Smith and the Inferential Structure of Ceramic Analysis in Middle Missouri Prehistory. In Method and Theory in Plains Archaeology, edited by Alfred E. Johnson and Larry J. Zimmerman, 65-72. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 8, 1981. Carlyle S. Smith's analysis of ceramics from the Big Bend region highlighted a successful early attempt to create explicit historic types.
Kurtz, William M. Test Excavations at 39MH6. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 19, no. 4 (1989): 3. Brief report on mounds near Brandon.
Kurtz, William M., and Steve Keller. Belle Fourche River Project Volume 3: Western Meade County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigation Series 144-III, 1986. 281 pp. An intensive survey recorded 53 new sites and visited two previously recorded; reconnaissaince survey recorded nine new sites.
Langdon, Stephen P., et. al. Human Skeletons from the South Dakota Archaeological Research Center. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology, 1989. 155 pp. Osteological analysis of human skeletal remains of at least 51 individuals from at least 14 archaeological sites in at least 11 counties of South Dakota. Most of the remains are from sites that have had no previously reported skeletal material.
Lass, Barbara. Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Coteau des Prairies Region of Northeastern South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory and South Dakota Historic Preservation Center, 1980. 69 pp. A survey of 17 previously recorded sites, 20 new sites and 19 find spots describes local collections. Contributes significant information on the prehistory of Hamlin and Deuel Counties.
Lass, Barbara. Prehistoric Habitation in Northeastern South Dakota: Glimpses from Deuel and Hamlin Counties. Master's thesis, University of Minnesota, 1980. A study of ten prehistoric habitation sites revealed that Woodland occupation in the Coteau Des Prairies region was succeeded by Plains Villagers. The seasonal use of the tall grass prairie by riverine agriculturists was also proposed.
Lass, Barbara. South Dakota Prehistory: An Overview. South Dakota Archaeology 1 (1977): 1-24. Revised and reprinted in The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 1-15. South Dakota Archaeological Society Special Publication 2, 1981. A chronological summary of the four major cultures that occupied South Dakota lands in prehistoric times: the Paleoindians, the Archaic foragers, the Woodland peoples, and the Plains villagers.
Lawver, Clinton. Mill Creek Sites in Iowa. Museum News 12, no. 13 (1951): 1-4. Although the sites discussed are located in Iowa, there is an assumed cultural migration relevant to the Mandan in the Dakotas.
Lazio, Joseph G. Ethnohistory in Western South Dakota: The Direct Historical Approach to Archaeological Sites of the Protohistoric and Historic Periods. South Dakota Archaeology 6 (1982): 83-105. An example of the merits of combining ethnohistorical information with archaeological data to reconstruct culture history.
Lazio, Joseph G. South Dakota's Padouca/Gataka: Ethnohistoric Distributions and Archaeological Expectations. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 2 (1978): 95-105. A synthesis of ethnohistoric and archaeological data in support of the hypothesis that there was a continuous occupation in the Black Hills of the Padouca/Gataka/Kiowa- Apache/Dismal River people from 1600-1803 A.D.
Lees, William B. Archeology of the Subaltern's Quarters, Fort Randall (39GR15), South Dakota: Final Report on the 1987 Investigations. South Dakota Archaeology 15 (1991): 1-73. Excavations revealed the general configuration of the subaltern's building and archaeological remains were correlated with the 1879 building plan.
Lees, William B. Dakota Acculturation During the Early Reservation Period: Evidence from the Deerfly Site (39LM39), South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 30, no. 108 (1985): 103-121. This site located on the west bank of Lake Francis Case was occupied by Dakota peoples during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. It demonstrates the existence of a resilient Dakota cultural pattern during this period of early reservation settlement.
Lees, William B., Marie E. Brown, and Rolfe D. Mandel. Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Along the Lower West Bank of Lake Francis Case in Gregory and Lyman Counties, South Dakota. Volume I: Main Report. Lawrence: University of Kansas Museum of Anthropology Office of Archeological Research, 1985. 168 pp. A total of 30 cultural resources were inventoried including 21 historic, five prehistoric, two multi-component historic and prehistoric, and two non-cultural. Three sites were considered significant and management needs were outlined.
Lehmer, Donald J. Archeological Investigations in the Oahe Dam Area, South Dakota, 1950-1951. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 158; River Basin Survey Papers 7 (1954): 1-190. This was the first detailed technical report issued covering the excavations carried on by the Missouri Basin Project of the River Basin Surveys of the Smithsonian Institution. While there had been some previous excavations in the area, nothing as extensive as the investigations at these sites (Dodd and Phillips Ranch) had been attempted. The Dodd site contained evidence of three different occupations. The Phillips Ranch site was one occupation dating immediately after the final Dodd occupation.
Lehmer, Donald J. Climate and Culture History in the Middle Missouri Valley. In Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains, edited by Wakefield Dort, Jr. and J. Knox Jones, Jr., 117-129. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1970. A discussion of the close correspondence between the dates of certain widespread climatic episodes and a sequence of episodes in the history of the native cultures of the Missouri Valley in the Dakotas.
Lehmer, Donald J. The Fort Pierre Branch, Central South Dakota. American Antiquity 17, no. 4 (1952): 329-336. Describes River Basin Survey work completed during the 1950 and 1951 seasons at two earth lodge villages, the Dodd sites (39ST30) and the Phillips Ranch site (39ST14).
Lehmer, Donald J. Introduction to Middle Missouri Archeology. Washington D.C.: National Park Service Anthropological Papers 1, 1971. 206 pp. Part 1 summarizes Inter- Agency archeological salvage programs in the Middle Missouri valley. Part 2 is considered the first major resource for defining cultural sequences in the region.
Lehmer, Donald J. Pottery Types from the Dodd Site, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Archaeological Conference News Letter 4, no. 2 (1951); Reprinted 1961: 13-25. A detailed analysis based on 13,664 body sherds and 1,435 rim sherds, most of which were assigned to Stanley, Foreman, and Anderson wares.
Lehmer, Donald J. Salvage Archeology in the Middle Missouri. National Park Service Report, 1965. 228 pp.
Lehmer, Donald J. The Sedentary Horizon of the Northern Plains. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10, no. 2 (1954): 139-159. Compares village cultures of the Middle Missouri area of the Dakotas with those of the Central Plains.
Lehmer, Donald J., and Warren W. Caldwell. Horizon and Tradition in the Northern Plains. American Antiquity 31, no. 4 (1966): 511-516. A discussion of taxonomic systems used in the Missouri River Basin with an analysis of data from the Missouri Valley in the Dakotas using the Willey and Phillips system of archeological unit concepts.
Lehmer, Donald J., and David T. Jones. Arikara Archeology: The Bad River Phase. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 7, 1968. 170 pp. Describes two villages inundated by Oahe Reservoir, the Buffalo Pasture site (39ST216) and the Leavitt site (39ST215).
Lewis, Theodore H. Ancient Rock Inscription in Eastern Dakota. American Naturalist 20 (May 1886): 423-425. A description of pictographs known as Thunder Bird's Track and Thunder Bird's Tracks' Brother near Lake Traverse.
Lewis, Theodore H. Bowlder Outline Figures in the Dakotas Surveyed in the Summer of 1890. American Anthropologist 4, no. 1 (1891): 19-24. Descriptions and drawings of stone alignments in Jerauld County in the Turtle Peak area.
Lewis, Theodore H. Incised Boulders in the Upper Minnesota Valley. American Naturalist 21 (1887): 639-642. Describes and illustrates examples in Brown's County, Minnesota, and Roberts County, South Dakota.
Lewis, Theodore H. Lewis and Clark and the Antiquities of the Upper Missouri River. American Antiquarian (Sept. 1891): 1-6.
Lewis, Theodore H. The `Monumental Tortoise' Mounds of 'Dee-Coo-Dah.' American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts 2 (1886): 65-69. Criticizes William Pidgeon's 1853 publication titled Traditions of De-coo-dah and Antiquarian Researches for presenting mound descriptions that were elaborate and fantastic. Lewis then described the mounds as he personally had viewed them.
Lewis, Theodore H. Mounds of the Mississippi Basin. Magazine of American History 9, no. 3 (1883): 177-182. Includes a discussion of mounds in the Dakotas in this overview comparing mounds throughout the Mississippi Valley.
Lewis, Theodore H. Mounds on the Red River of the North. American Antiquarian 8, no. 6 (1886): 369-371.
Lewis, Theodore H. Stone Monuments in Southern Dakota. American Anthropologist 2, no. 2 (1889): 159-165. Descriptions and drawing of man and woman figures at Punished Woman's Hill in Codington County and the snake and turtle figures in Hughes County.
Lin, Paul M. A Study of Arikara Skeletal Populations by Multivariate Analysis: A Problem in Classification. Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, 1973. Provides an analysis of adult crania from the Anton Rygh Site (39CA4) in comparison to 30 Mandan specimens from North Dakota and 228 Arikara specimens from the Mobridge, Sully, Larson, and Leavenworth sites in South Dakota in order to identify tribal affiliation at the site.
Lippincott, Kerry. Radiocarbon Dates for 39FA23. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 21, no. 2 (1991): 2-4. Uses the results from a particular site to explain theory and practice of carbon 14 dating.
Lobdell, John E. The Scoggin Site: A Study in McKean Typology. Plains Anthropologist 19, no. 64 (1974): 123-128. This Early Middle Period bison kill site in Wyoming yielded two distinct stylized projectile point varieties from one component leading to a discussion of the deep side-notched Early Middle Period or Archaic age points from the northwestern Plains and the northern Great Basin, including South Dakota.
Lyon, W. S. A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Arikara Crania from the Northern Plains. Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, 1970. Analyzes the human skeletal material from three cemetery sites (Sully, Larson, and Leavenworth) in order to define the morphological parameters and interrelationships of the three groups.
Maierhauser, Joe. Representational Art on Pottery from the Talking Crow Site (39BF3). Plains Anthropologist 26, no. 94, pt. 1 (1981): 323-325. A description of fairly rare life-form designs on five pottery sherds from a multi-component earthlodge village.
Mallory, Oscar L. Report of Field Activities for 1964. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 27 (1965): 47-48. Brief summary of excavations at the Stelzer Site (39DW242) and Calamity Village (39DW231) in the upper Oahe Reservoir.
Martin, James E. Archaeological and Paleontological Significance of the Lange- Ferguson Clovis Kill Site. Rapid City: School of Mines and Technology, 1983. 119 pp. This site represents the first well-documented evidence of the Clovis Cultural Tradition in the Dakotas. It provides conclusive evidence that Clovis people hunted the large mammoths, while analysis of bones gives information on how the people hunted and butchered the animals.
Martin, James E., and Tim Church. Investigations at 39LA378: An Aboriginal Quarry Site in the Black Hills, Lawrence County, South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 15, no. 3 (1985): 2-3. Provides a glimpse of the lithic raw material procurement of prehistoric peoples in the northern Black Hills.
Matternes, Hugh B., et. al. Analysis and Interpretation of Human Osteological Remains from the South Dakota Archaeological Research Center. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology for the South Dakota Archaeological Research Center, 1992. 110 pp. Analysis of skeletal remains of 11 individuals from eight archaeological sites and from museum collections.
McAdams, William. Exploration of Apparent Recent Mounds in Dakotah. American Antiquarian 8, no. 3 (1886): 156-158.
McKern, Will Carleton. The Clam River Focus. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Public Museum Publications in Anthropology, no. 9, 1963. 77 pp. A technical report on the excavation of burial mounds that places Sioux in northwestern Wisconsin from early contact to the 1730s, when in war with Chippewas they were driven west. Pages 69-72 on Clam River, an upper tributary of the St. Croix, identify the Indians who built burial mounds as Sissetons and Wahpetons. The Sioux also used mounds to bury bones collected from scaffolds around Lake Mille Lacs. Sometimes they carried bones two or three years, perhaps 100 miles, before burial in a mound.
McNerney, Michael J. A Description of Chipped Stone Artifacts from Northeastern South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 15, no. 50, pt. 1 (1970): 291-296. Describes and illustrates a surface collection of 68 chipped stone artifacts from the shore line of Blue Dog Lake in Day County.
Meleen, Elmer E. An Arikara Indian Village Four Hundred Years Old. Museum News 9, no. 7 (1948): 1-3. A brief description of fieldwork at the La Roche Village site in southeastern Stanley County.
Meleen, Elmer E. A Preliminary Report of the Mitchell Indian Village and Burial Mounds on Firesteel Creek, Mitchell, Davison County, South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum. Archaeological Studies, Circular 2, pt. 1, 1938. 36 pp. Meleen's report on the Mitchell Village is part one of this report; the second part is The Moundbuilders of South Dakota by W.H. Over.
Meleen, Elmer E. A Preliminary Report on the Thomas Riggs Village Site. American Antiquity 14, no. 4, pt. 1 (1949): 310-321. Report of excavation and artifacts from a village site on the east bank of the Missouri River in the Oahe Reservoir flood area of Hughes County.
Meleen, Elmer E. A Report on the Investigation of the La Roche Site, Stanley County, South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum. Archaeological Studies, Circular 5, 1948. 32 pp. This village site was dated ca. 1450 A.D. based on a radiocarbon sample. Results of this excavation were compared to other Missouri River Valley village sites, especially the one on Scalp Creek.
Meleen, Elmer E. Woodland Manifestation in South Dakota. Museum News 2, no. 12 (1941): 4. A brief statement regarding the first evidence of Woodland culture found in village sites along the Missouri River in Gregory County.
Meleen, Elmer E., and James J. Pruitt, Jr. A Preliminary Report on the Rock Shelters in Fall River County, South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum. Archaeological Studies, Circular 1, 1941. 17 pp.
Metcalf, George. Additional Data from the Dodd and Phillips Ranch Sites, South Dakota. American Antiquity 21, no. 3 (1956): 305-309. An analysis of archaeological specimens from two sites in the Oahe Reservoir area (39ST30 and 39ST14).
Michael, Wini. A Burial in the Badlands. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 17, no. 2 (1987): 1-2. Analysis of a burial discovered in Shannon County provided some information about a woman's life in A.D. 860.
Miller, Carl F. Archeological Investigations at the Hosterman Site (39PO7), Oahe Reservoir Area, Potter County, South Dakota, 1956. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 189; River Basin Surveys Papers 35 (1964): 139-265. A detailed description of artifacts excavated at this village site. Includes Appendix by William M. Bass describing human skeletal material from the vicinity of the site.
Miller, Carl F. Supplementary Appraisal of the Archeological Resources of Four Reservoirs in the Missouri River Basin. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys, Missouri Basin Project Appraisal, 1956. Includes Pactola in South Dakota.
Montgomery, Henry. Remains of Prehistoric Man in the Dakotas. American Anthropologist n.s. 8, no. 4 (1906): 640-651. The major part of this article focuses on mounds in North Dakota, with a brief statement relating similarities to mounds in South Dakota.
Muller, Jon. The Harmon Site (39MO42). Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 16 (1962): 94. Brief summary of a double village site assumed to be Hidatsa.
Mulloy, William. The McKean Site in Northeastern Wyoming. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10, no. 4 (1954): 432-460. Although this specific site is located in Wyoming, the cultural group represented overlapped into the western South Dakota area.
Myer, William E. Archeological Field-work in South Dakota and Missouri. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72, no. 15 (1922): 117-125. An investigation of sites known to have been occupied by the Omahas and Osages in historic times. The two Omaha sites from South Dakota recorded were on the Big Sioux River, one at the junction with Split Rock River and one about ten miles southeast of Sioux Falls.
Neuman, Robert W. An Archaeological Bibliography: The Central and Northern Great Plains Prior to 1930. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 15 (1962): 43-57. Continued in Plains Anthropologist 13, no. 40 (1968): 100-102. A bibliography containing 302 references to archaeological phenomena and investigations in the northern sector of the Great Plains spanning the period between 1840 and 1930. Some of the entries are annotated.
Neuman, Robert W. Atlatl Weights from Certain Sites in the Northern and Central Great Plains. American Antiquity 32, no. 1 (1967): 36-53. A summary of the use of the term atlatl weight in archaeological literature and an analysis in detail of 60 atlatl weights from 39 locations in the Plains, including five from South Dakota.
Neuman, Robert W. Check-stamped Pottery on the Northern and Central Great Plains. American Antiquity 29, no. 1 (1963): 17-26. A review of check-stamped potsherds from 50 sites on the Plains, including Arzberger and Black Partizan from South Dakota. Discusses using check-stamped specimens as diagnostic artifacts for the late prehistoric and historic period.
Neuman, Robert W. Excavations at Four Mound Sites in the Oahe Reservoir. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 12, pt. 1 (1961): 57-58. Brief summary of excavations at the Swift Bird Site (39DW233) in Dewey County and the Boundary Mound Site (32SI1) in Sioux County, North Dakota.
Neuman, Robert W. Field Season 1961. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 16 (1962): 81. Brief summary of excavations at the Sitting Crow Site (39BF225), the Side Hill Site (39BF233), and the Old Quarry Mound (39BF234) in the Fort Thompson area.
Neuman, Robert W. Field Work in Dewey County, South Dakota, Oahe Reservoir Area. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 20 (1963): 121-122. Brief summary of excavations at the Swift Bird Site (39DW233), the Grover Hand Site (39DW240), and the Stelzer Site (39DW242), all about four miles above the confluence of the Missouri and Moreau rivers.
Neuman, Robert W. The Good Soldier Site (39LM238), Big Bend Reservoir, Lyman County, South Dakota. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 189; River Basin Surveys Papers 37 (1964): 291-318. It was concluded that this site was part of the Plain Woodland Phase, with a possibility of earlier occupation.
Neuman, Robert W. The Olson Mound (39BF233) in Buffalo County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 13 (1961): 164-170. Similarities between this mound and other sites in the vicinity are discussed.
Neuman, Robert W. Projectile Points from Preceramic Occupations Near Fort Thompson, South Dakota: A Preliminary Report. Plains Anthropologist 9, no. 25 (1964): 173-189. Describes in detail and illustrates 58 projectile points excavated from five sites within a six mile radius near the Big Bend of the Missouri River.
Neuman, Robert W. Radiocarbon-dated Archaeological Remains on the Northern and Central Great Plains. American Antiquity 32, no. 4 (1967): 471-486. Consolidates and summarizes the mass of radiocarbon determinations that were found in various books, journals, newsletters, and manuscripts between 1951 and 1965. Included are 195 radiocarbon dates attesting to the presence of man on the Plains for the last 12,000 years.
Neuman, Robert W. Salvage Archeology at a Site Near Fort Thompson, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 13 (1961): 189-200. The artifacts from the Farm School site reported in this article suggest the presence of two ceramic components, which contribute information regarding the Fort Thompson and Campbell Creek foci.
Neuman, Robert W. Smithsonian Excavation at the Arpan Mound Site, Dewey County, South Dakota, 1965. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 32 (1966): 162-163. Brief summary of excavations at a site consisting of three low dome-shaped earthen tumuli.
Neuman, Robert W. The Sonota Complex and Associated Sites on the Northern Great Plains. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society Publications in Anthropology 6, 1975. 216 pp. Describes Sonota Complex on the basis of five sites along the Missouri River seven miles from the North Dakota border in Dewey County, South Dakota. The sites are: Stelzer, Swift Bird, Grover Hand, Arpan, and Boundary Mound. The report includes an appendix on the human skeletal remains by William M. Bass and Terrell W. Phenice.
Neuman, Robert W. The Truman Mound Site, Big Bend Reservoir Area, South Dakota. American Antiquity 26, no. 1 (1960): 78-92. Report of excavations of six Woodland burial mounds, which included primary and secondary interments. Data from this site (39BF224) is discussed in relationship with other Woodland sites in Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota.
Neumann, Georg K. South Dakota Physical Types. Museum News 13, no. 5 (1952): 1. Brief observations regarding Mandan, Arikara, Yankton Sioux, Woodland, and Omaha-Ponca skulls in the museum collections.
Newman, Thomas M. Documentary Sources on the Manufacture of Pottery by the Indians of the Central Plains and Middle Missouri. Plains Anthropologist 4 (July 1955): 13- 20. A presentation of 11 brief accounts by travelers, explorers, and ethnographers of Pawnee, Arikara, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Cheyenne pottery manufacture in chronological order.
Nickel, Robert K. The Study of Archaeologically Recovered Plant Materials from the Middle Missouri Subarea. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 53-58. The practice of relying heavily on historic patterns of hunting and gardening in the interpretation of data from the Middle Missouri Subarea was reviewed and related to the traditionally recovered plant remains.
Nowak, Timothy R. Lower Antelope Creek (39ST106): An Examination of a Prehistoric Arikara Village Excavated Under the Avocational Archeological Assistance Program of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. South Dakota Archaeology 7 (1983): 1-34. This site represented both an aboriginal prehistoric occupation, and a late nineteenth century Euroamerican occupation.
Nowak, Timothy R. Preserving South Dakota's Past. South Dakota Conservation Digest 49, no. 3 (1982): 24-27. A history of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers involvement in protection and management of cultural resources in South Dakota.
Nowak, Timothy R., and L. Adrien Hannus. Lithic Raw Materials from the West Horse Creek Quarry Site (39SH37). South Dakota Archaeology 8-9 (1984-85): 98-114. A review of artifacts indicated that tools made from other than the local Scenic Chalcedony or West Horse Chert were brought to the quarry and abandoned in favor of the higher quality silicates. Included were seven Bijou Hills Quartzite items.
Olson, Gary D., and Larry J. Zimmerman. A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of the Federal Lands on the East Bank of Lake Francis Case, South Dakota. Sioux Falls: Augustana Research Institute and University of South Dakota Archeology Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1979. 2 vols. A cultural resources survey divided into three sections: history, archaeology, and ecology. Besides providing an inventory of sites along the east shore of Lake Francis Case, it describes the destruction of many important sites by natural and cultural causes.
Orser, Charles E. Relating James Mackay's `Indian Tribes' to Archaeological Manifestations of Arikara Mortuary Practice. South Dakota Archaeology 4 (1980): 45-54. A comparison of James Mackay's manuscript from the late eighteenth century with archaeological evidence. Compares archaeological data from the Larson and Leavenworth Arikara burial sites to Mackay's account and suggests that Mackay's comments are pertinent to an understanding of post-contact period Arikara mortuary customs.
Orser, Charles E. Toward a Partial Understanding of Complexity in Arikara Mortuary Practice. Plains Anthropologist 25, no. 88, pt. 1 (1980): 113-120. A summary of ethnohistorical references on Arikara mortuary practice and a reinterpretation of sources led to the proposal that some Arikara mortuary complexity was directly related to season of death.
Orser, Charles E. Trade Good Flow in Arikara Villages: Expanding Ray's `Middleman Hypothesis.' Plains Anthropologist 29, no. 103 (1984): 1-12. Arthur Ray's hypothesis concerning the effect of middleman trade on the archaeological record was evaluated using archaeological data from four Arikara sites in South Dakota: Sully, Phillips Ranch, Leavitt, and Leavenworth.
Orser, Charles E., and Douglas W. Owsley. Using Arikara Osteological Data to Evaluate an Assumption of Fur Trade Archaeology. Plains Anthropologist 27, no. 97 (1982): 195-204. Osteological data from the Arikara-affiliated Mobridge Site were used to test an hypothesis frequently expressed in archaeology that the relative quantity of recovered Euro- American goods can be used to infer a site's relative age. This study suggested that the dating assumption may have validity for some archaeological sites, particularly those associated with the Arikara.
Orser, Charles E., and Larry J. Zimmerman. A Computer Simulation of Euro- American Trade Good Flow to the Arikara. Plains Anthropologist 29, no. 105 (1984): 199- 210. A computer simulation was used to examine the influx of Euro-American trade goods to the Leavenworth Site (39CO9), the last earthlodge village occupied by the Arikara in South Dakota.
Over, W. H. Archaeological Field Notes of W. H. Over. Edited by John S. Sigstad and Joanita Kant Sigstad. Vermillion: South Dakota State Archaeologist Research Bulletin 1, 1973. 358 pp. W.H. Over was the first to undertake a systematic study of South Dakota prehistory. His notes, here compiled, were the only nearly comprehensive references on the antiquities of South Dakota at the time. The site descriptions are alphabetical within each county. Although some of Over's information is outdated, this is a good beginning source for identifying site locations and summaries.
Over, W. H. An Archaeological Field Trip. Museum News 8, no. 9 (1947): 1-2. Brief description of excavation of a mound on the Ufford farm east of Vermillion.
Over, W. H. The Archaeology of Ludlow Cave and Its Significance. American Antiquity 2 (1936): 126-129. Summary of artifacts found during excavation of a cave floor in Harding County. Includes photographs of artifacts and discussion of nearby petroglyphs.
Over, W. H. Archeology in South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum Circular 1, 1934; Rev. 3rd edition, 1938. 9 pp. A description of the implements, tools, and ornaments, mostly of stone and bone, used by prehistoric people in the South Dakota region.
Over, W. H. The Arikara Indian in South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences 2 (1917): 6-17. A summary of historical references and known archaeological sites relating to the Arikara.
Over, W. H. Indian Picture Writing in South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum Archaeological Studies, Circular 4, 1941. 59 pp. An analysis of pictographs, petroglyphs, and boulder outlines in the state. Thirty-seven sites in 18 counties were illustrated with line drawings and further described.
Over, W. H. The Indians Who Lived in Ludlow Cave. Museum News 7, no. 6 (1946): 1-4. Report of excavation of the floor of a cave in the outer sandrock wall of Cave Hills in Harding County.
Over, W. H. Lewis and Clark Village Site (Leavenworth Site). Museum News 16, no. 1 (1955): 1-4. Description of an Arikara village built ca. 1797 and visited by Lewis and Clark. Became more commonly known as the Leavenworth Site.
Over, W. H. New Archaeological Problems in South Dakota. Minnesota Archeologist 2 (1936): 1.
Over, W. H. Notes on the Moundbuilders of South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum Archaeological Studies, Circular 4, 1938.
Over, W. H. A Prehistoric Flint Quarry in South Dakota. Sunshine State Magazine 5, no. 9 (1924): 28-29.
Over, W. H. Prehistoric Mining in South Dakota. Museum News 9, no. 9 (1948): 1-4. A description of prehistoric mining at the Flint Hill mine near Edgemont in the southern Black Hills.
Over, W. H. Rare Indian Artifacts of South Dakota. Museum News 9, no. 4 (1948).
Over, W. H. Summary of Archaeological Field Work. Museum News 2, no. 5 (1941): 4. Brief report of summer excavations at the Oahe Village Site.
Over, W. H. The Swan Creek Indian Village Site. Museum News 8, no. 6-7 (1947): 1-3; 1-2. Report of excavations at a fortified village site in the southeast part of Walworth County.
Over, W. H., and Elmer E. Meleen. A Report on an Investigation of the Brandon Village Site and the Split Rock Creek Mounds. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Museum. Archaeological Studies, Circular 3, 1941. 61 pp. Presentation of data recovered from sites in Minnehaha County. Little attempt was made to establish cultural correlations due to lack of knowledge about the cultural components in eastern South Dakota at the time of publication.
Owsley, Douglas W. Mobridge Site Cemeteries: Controversy Concerning the Location of the Over and Stirling Burials. Plains Anthropologist 26, no. 94, pt. 2; Memoir 17 (1981): 43-48. Comparing crania and skeletal material excavated by W.H. Over and M.W. Stirling in the 1920s, the author attempted to determine exact locations of the burials that were not clear from the original field records.
Owsley, Douglas W., and William Bass. A Demographic Analysis of Skeletons from the Larson Site (39WW2) Walworth County, South Dakota. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 51 (1979): 145-154. Reconstructs vital statistics of an Arikara population from this site.
Owsley, Douglas, Hugh E. Berryman, and William M. Bass. Demographic and Osteological Evidence for Warfare at the Larson Site, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 119-131. A demographic and osteological analysis of skeletons from an Arikara village dating to about A.D. 1750-1785 indicated strong evidence for the theory that intertribal warfare was responsible for the remains of 61 unburied individuals on earthlodge floors.
Owsley, Douglas W., et. al. Interpopulation Relationships of Four Post-contact Coalescent Sites from South Dakota: Four Bear (39DW2), Oahe Village (39HU2), Stony Point Village (39ST235), and Swan Creek (39WW7). Plains Anthropologist 26, no. 94, pt. 2; Memoir 17 (1981): 31-42. Craniometric comparisons were used to determine tribal affiliation of three Le Beau Phase sites and one Bad River Phase site. The populations appeared to be primarily Arikara with some Mandan individuals at each site.
Owsley, Douglas W., and Richard L. Jantz. Intracemetery Morphological Variation in Arikara Crania from the Sully Site (39SL4), Sully County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 23, no. 80 (1978): 139-147. Canonical analysis was used to examine variations in cranial morphology, which supported proposed temporal relationships based on archaeological data.
Palkovitch, Ann M. Demography and Disease Patterns in a Protohistoric Plains Group: A Study of the Mobridge Site (39WW1). Plains Anthropologist 26, no. 94, pt. 2; Memoir 17 (1981): 71-84. Evaluation of the skeletal remains indicated mortality patterns that appeared to reflect the early stages of impact from European-introduced diseases.
Parmalee, Paul W. The Avifauna from Prehistoric Arikara Sites in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 77 (1977): 189-222. Aproximately 3,100 bird elements representing 22 families and about 68 species were identified from 51 prehistoric Arikara sites along the Missouri River in South Dakota indicating the importance of birds as supplemental food as well as their role in cultural and ceremonial activities.
Pettigrew, F. W. A Prehistoric Indian Village. Bulletins of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences 3 (1901): 348-355. Pertains to a site near the mouth of Spring Creek in Lincoln County.
Pond, Gideon H. Iowa Indians and Mounds. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society 1 (1872): 144-152. More on Sioux than on Ioways, this explains the meaning of Indian mounds as perceived at the time.
Porter, James Warren. Notes on Four Lithic Types Found in Archaeological Sites Near Mobridge, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 18 (1962): 267-269. The four types described are gypsum (selenite) crystals, clinkers, Tongue River silicified sediment, and Bijou Hills silicified sediments from sites near Mobridge (39WW3, 39WW10 and 39CA6).
Puskarich, Cheryl Lee. Metric Variation in the Arikara Pelvis. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, 1984. Metric variation in the innominates, sacra, and articulated pelvis from the Arikara were analysed in an attempt to delineate biological relationships. The specimens were from ten archaeological sites in South Dakota.
Ranney, William. Report on Two Petroforms in Turner County. Unpublished manuscript on file, Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeological Laboratory, 1981. 6 pp. Describes Thunderbird effigy (39TU5) and a line of three stone mosaics close by (39TU7).
Riggle, Stan. Analysis and Implications of Prehistoric Cord Variability in the Grand- Moreau Region of South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 2 (1978): 25-54. A study of cord impressed pottery rim sherds from three sites in Campbell and Walworth counties in order to describe cordage designs and to compare and delineate cord variability through time. The three sites represent the Extended Coalescent and Post Contact Coalescent time periods.
Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr. River Basin Surveys: The First Five Years of the Inter- Agency Archeological and Paleontological Salvage Program. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution 1951 (1952): 351-383. An overview of work in areas around the U.S. Information regarding work in South Dakota is interspersed, but generally is found under the sections Village Remains and Fortified Villages.
Robinson, DeLorme W. More Boulder Mosaics. South Dakota Historical Collections 7 (1914): 539-548. Adds to information in Todd (1912) regarding stone alignments. Includes descriptions and photographs of effigies at Punished Woman's mound and Snake Butte.
Robinson, DeLorme W. Prehistoric Fortification at Pierre. Monthly Dakotan 1, no. 7 (1898): 109-114. Discusses the Arzberger site (39HU6).
Rogers, J. Daniel. Objects of Change: The Archaeology and History of Arikara Contact with Europeans. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990. 317 pp. Reports the results of a study of the relationship between social change and material culture change among Arikara Indian sites in South Dakota. The study is based on reanalysis of artifacts from 19 village and three cemetery sites excavated during the 1940s-1960s.
Rood, Ronald J. Eagle Trapping Pit Recorded in Meade County. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 14, no. 2 (1984): 1-4. Describes a feature designated as 39MD130 that is similar to other known eagle trapping pits.
Rood, Ronald J. A Preliminary Report on the Bird Bone from the Smiley-Evans Site, 39BU2, Butte County, South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 15, no. 1 (1985): 7-8. The bird bone collection from this site represents the best evidence for prehistoric bird utilization in western South Dakota.
Rood, Ronald J., et. al. Cultural Resource Investigations Along the Proposed Route of Highway 44 Between Scenic and Interior, Pennington County, South Dakota. Vol.2: Reach 2 Sites. Ft. Meade: State Arcaheological Research Center for South Dakota Department of Transportation, Contract Investigations Series 120, 1984. 251 pp. Report of archaeological work conducted from Conata Corner eastward to the Pennington-Jackson county line. Continues report Vol. 1 by Haberman, Chevance, Malone (1984).
Rood, Ronald J., and Vicki Overholser Rood. Archeological Resources Along the Coteau des Prairies in Roberts and Marshall Counties, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 8-9 (1984-85): 53-79. This survey recorded a wide range of site types, including prehistoric, historic Euro-American, and historic aboriginal sites.
Rood, Ronald J., and Vicki Overholser Rood. Results of an Archaeological Survey Along the Coteau des Prairies in Roberts and Marshall Counties South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigation Series 103, 1984. 139 pp. Report of archaeological survey along the eastern margin of the Coteau des Prairies in Roberts and Marshall counties. Thirty-six archaeological sites were recorded, most of which were historic, stone circles, or mounds. The site density, roughly one site per 100 acres, was high for eastern South Dakota.
Rose, Jerome C., et. al. Analysis of Human Osteological Remains from Multi-County Areas, South Dakota. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Anthropology Department, 1984. 249 pp. Human remains and artifacts contained in 14 collections from salvage operations along the Missouri River and Lake Oahe, Sharpe, and Francis Case were analyzed.
Sanders, W. E. Trail of the Ancient Sioux: An Introduction to Their History. South Dakota Historical Collections 26 (1952): 278-433. An attempt to survey through archaeology and anthropology the ethnohistory of Siouan peoples. Parts pertain to the Sioux, written by a history buff. It contains some information of questionable accuracy but supplies useful data on the life styles of Sioux people in prehistoric times and early years of contact with non-Indians.
Sheldon, Addison E. Ancient Indian Fireplaces in South Dakota Bad-Lands. American Anthropologist 7, no. 1 (1905): 44-48; Reprinted in South Dakota Historical Collections 6 (1912): 215-223. After some rambling, briefly describes seven prehistoric fire sites discovered on Lost Dog Creek in 1902 and 1903.
Sigstad, John S. The Archaeological Collection of F.C. Kratz. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 4, no. 3 (1973-74): 4-16. Drawings and descriptions of artifacts collected by F.C. Kratz in Hutchinson and Hanson counties.
Sigstad, John S. An Archaeological Survey of the West Bank of the Big Sioux River, South Dakota, 1970. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Commission and W.H. Over Museum. Archaeological Studies, Circular 13, 1973. 59 pp. Report of a survey conducted June-July, 1970.
Sigstad, John S. An Early Projectile Point from Shannon County. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 3, no. 4 (1973): 3. Drawing and description of a chert point of the Angostura type.
Sigstad, John S. The Mound Excavation at Freeman. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 1, no. 2 (1970): 3-4. A mound on the Hofer farm was excavated before being leveled for farming. Eleven individuals representing different time periods were excavated. Artifacts indicated association with the Plains Woodland culture.
Sigstad, John S., and Joanita Kant Sigstad. The Sisseton Mound: A Tribal Project. Vermillion: W.H. Over Dakota Museum. Archaeological Studies, Circular 14, 1973. 50 pp. A cooperative project among archeologists, Indians, and Department of Highways personnel to excavate a burial mound and reconstruct the mound nearby, reburying all contents of the mound. Describes excavation and relationship to other mounds in Roberts County, but does not discuss the reburial process.
Slay, John D. Cultural Resources Management in the Black Hills National Forest. South Dakota Archaeology 2 (1978): 19-24. A summary of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service efforts in the Black Hills National Forest to coordinate preservation of evidence of past human activity with present development projects.
Smith, Carlyle S. Pottery Types from the Talking Crow Site, Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 4, no. 3 (1951; Reprinted 1961): 27-36. The pottery from this site was assigned to Stanley, Talking Crow, Campbell Creek, and Category B ware.
Smith, Carlyle S. The Stricker Site. Plains Anthropologist 20, no. 67 (1975): 1-25. Report of a multi-component habitation site (39LM1) in the Big Bend Reservoir. Analysis provided evidence for a transition from the Shannon phase into the Felicia phase. A page of corrections to this report was published in Plains Anthropologist 21, no. 71 (1976): 62.
Smith, Carlyle S. The Talking Crow Site: A Multi-Component Earthlodge Village in the Big Bend Region, South Dakota. Lawrence: University of Kansas Publications in Anthropology 9, 1977. 192 pp. The final report on a complex site excavated in the early 1950s. A detailed analysis of the multi-component fortified village site that was intermittently occupied from around A.D. 600 through the historic Dakota of 1865-1950. A sound presentation of descriptive data relating to the artifact assemblage and the culture history of the Middle Missouri region.
Smith, Carlyle S. Time Perspective Within the Coalescent Tradition in South Dakota. American Antiquity 28 (1963): 489-495. Six sites attributable to the Coalescent Tradition in the Fort Randall and Big Bend reservoir areas were arranged in a seriation indicative of their temporal relationships on the basis of the popularities of certain pottery types and the presence or absence of European trade goods.
Smith, Carlyle S., and Roger T. Grange, Jr. The Spain Site (39LM301), a Winter Village in Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 169; River Basin Survey Papers 11 (1958): 79-128. A detailed excavation report with descriptions and illustrations of artifacts.
Smith, Carlyle S., and Alfred E. Johnson. The Two Teeth Site. Lincoln: Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys Publications in Salvage Archeology 8, 1968. 84 pp. This report includes the Two Teeth Site (39BF204) and six sites referred to as the Skunk Island Sites including the Cadotte Site (39HE202), 39BF203, 39BF301, 39HE201, 39HE301, and 39HE302, all in the Big Bend Reservoir area.
Smith, Harlan I. The Data of the Archaeology of the Dakotas. State Historical Society of North Dakota Collections 1, pt. 2 (1906): 74-88. Although most of the details relate to sites in North Dakota, some of the references are relevant to South Dakota as well. Speaks well on the need for preservation of sites and information.
Smithsonian Institution. Gavin's Point Dam; Lewis and Clark Lake: Paleontology, Geology, History, Archeology. Omaha: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1960. 24 pp. Pamphlet including maps and photographs.
Soulen, Harvey H. Some Bone Artifacts of Minnesota and Dakota Prehistoric Indian Sites. The Minnesota Archaeologist 6 (July 1940): 75-87.
South Dakota Archaeological Research Center. James River Survey Vol. I: 1977-1979. Fort Meade, [1979]. 723 pp. Summarizes the activities and results of the 1977-79 cultural resources survey of the James River Valley, the lower reaches of tributary valleys, and adjacent bluffs. This volume reports on sites in Yankton, Hutchinson, Hanson, Davison, Sanborn, and southern Beadle counties.
South Dakota Historical Preservation Center. Standards for Archaeological Survey Reports in South Dakota. Vermillion: South Dakota Historical Preservation Center, [1980]. 15 pp. Written in response to increased numbers of survey reports in order to expedite review of the cultural resource reports. The standards are designed to produce uniformity and still allow flexibility. Useful for report users as well as report writers as a guide to state survey report formats.
South Dakota Works Projects Administration. Arikara Indians of South Dakota. Vermillion: University Museum Educational Series vol. 1, 1941. 62 pp. Presents the observations of early travelers and explorers that relate to the Arikara Indians.
Spaulding, Albert C. The Arzberger Site, Hughes County, South Dakota. Ann Arbor: Occasional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan, no. 16, 1956. 173 pp. Report of the Columbia University excavations at a site approximately 7.5 miles southeast of Pierre. This Arikara site was carefully compared to Central Plains Tradition, and it was postulated that this site represented an early stage in the separation of the Arikaras from their parent group, the Pawnee.
Spencer, Steven M. They're Exposing America's Oldest Secrets. Saturday Evening Post (May 8, 1954): 28-29; 98-100; 103. A summary of salvage archaeology projects in federal dam construction sites nationwide. Includes sites in South Dakota.
Sperry, James E., and Richard A. Krause. Summer Excavations at the Leavenworth Site, 39CO9. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 16 (1962): 80. Brief summary of excavations at a double earthlodge village on the Missouri River seven miles north of Mobridge.
Steinacher, Terry. Settlement and Ceramic Variability at the Sommers Site (39ST56), Stanley County, South Dakota. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oklahoma, 1990. Examines ceramic variability at the Sommers Site in order to clarify the problem of intra-site settlement pattern.
Stephenson, Robert L. Blue Blanket Island (39WW9): An Historic Contract Site in the Oahe Reservoir Near Mobridge, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 14, no. 43 (1969): 1- 31. Report on excavation of a small fortified Arikara village, probably occupied during the 1780s and 1790s. The abandoned remains of this village were noted by Lewis and Clark in 1804.
Stephenson, Robert L. 1960 Progress Report, Missouri River Project. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 12, pt. 1 (1961): 55. Brief summary of archaeological work by the Smithsonian Institution on the Missouri River during the 1960 season.
Stephenson, Robert L. The Potts Village Site (39CO19), Oahe Reservoir, North Central South Dakota. Missouri Archaeologist 33 (1971): 1-140. Summary describing artifacts and cultural affiliations of this site located on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. It consisted of a large, prehistoric Indian village site of eleven earthlodges within a bastioned fortification and 35 to 40 additional earthlodges outside of the fortification. Excavations were conducted in 1961, a season before inundation by the Oahe Reservoir.
Stephenson, Robert L. Quaternary Occupation of the Plains. In Guidebook for Field Conference D: Central Great Plains. International Association of Quaternary Research 7th Congress, 1965.
Stephenson, Robert L. Taxonomy and Chronology in the Central Plains-Middle Missouri River Area. Plains Anthropologist 1 (May 1954): 15-21. A summary of taxonomic identifications for various components in the Middle Missouri area.
Stephenson, Robert L. Three Smithsonian Salvage Sites. Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 16 (1962): 80-81. Brief summary of excavations from the Blue Blanket Site (39WW9), the Potts Village Site (39CO19), and the Pretty Head Site (39LM232), all on the Missouri River.
Sterner, Betty. Archaeological Investigations of the Winter Site (39DE5) Deuel County, May 18-19, 1979. Watertown: Watertown Senior High School, 1980. 103 pp. This report contains a three-page summary of the sites and all of the artifact inventories for eight levels of the ten excavation units. The site was determined from pottery remains to be a Woodland Tradition Site.
Stewart, T. Dale. Excavation of Protohistoric Arikara Indian Cemetery Near Mobridge, South Dakota, 1971. National Geographic Research Reports (1971): 677-685. Report of a research grant received to further excavate the Mobridge Site (39WW1), a site first worked on by Dr. M. W. Stirling in 1923. An analysis of the skeletons and burial customs is included.
Stirling, M. W. Archeological Investigations in South Dakota. Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1923; Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 76, no. 10 (1924): 66-71. A field investigation of village sites on the Missouri River covering the 12-mile strip between Grand River and Elk Creek.
Strong, William Duncan. From History to Prehistory in the Northern Great Plains. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 100 (1940); Reprinted Plains Anthropologist 17, no. 57 (1972): 353-394. A summary of archaeological knowledge (at time of original publication) of both historic and prehistoric cultural manifestations mainly in North and South Dakota.
Strong, William Duncan. The Place of South Dakota in New World Archaeology. Minnesota Archaeologist 11 (1945): 55-57. Discusses the potential for achaeological investigation in the relatively unexplored state of South Dakota.
Strong, William Duncan. Studying the Arikara and Their Neighbors on the Upper Missouri. Explorations and Field-work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1932 (1933): 73-76. Includes brief description of the Leavenworth Site.
Sundstrom, Linea. Additional Rock Art from the Southern Black Hills. South Dakota Archaeology 13 (1989): 29-54. Updates information contained in earlier reports on rock art in the Black Hills.
Sundstrom, Linea. Archaic Hunting Practices Depicted in a Northwestern Plains Rock Art Style. Plains Anthropologist 34, no. 124, pt. 1 (1989): 149-169. A collection of about 75 panels of pecked rock art from the southern Black Hills were analyzed to provide a description of Archaic hunting patterns.
Sundstrom, Linea. Culture History of the Black Hills with Reference to Adjacent Areas of the Northern Great Plains. Lincoln: J & L Reprint Co., Reprints in Anthropology 40, 1989. 146 pp. [An original paper, not a reprint.] Provides a synthesis of archaeological information, especially of the southern Hogback zone within South Dakota, which provides an interpretation of prehistoric culture history in the Black Hills.
Sundstrom, Linea. Rock Art of the Southern Black Hills: A Contextual Approach. New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. Publication of author's doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas, 1989. 422 pp. Rock art from 76 sites in the southern Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming were determined to comprise six definable styles. Each style was considered separately in terms of its chronological, geographic, physical, functional, and symbolic contexts in order to relate the rock art to other cultural developments.
Sundstrom, Linea. Rock Art of the Southern Black Hills. In Rock Art of Western South Dakota, edited by L. Adrien Hannus, 53-142. Sioux Falls: Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 9, 1984. An analysis of 70 rock art sites defines five main carved styles and two painted styles representing cultural influences from the west, north, and east.
Sundstrom, Linea, and Patricia Malone. Archaeological, Historic, and Paleontological Resources in the Proposed Highway 44 Right-of-way Between Scenic and Interior, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigation Series 57, 1982. 77 pp. A survey of proposed highway construction in the Badlands. Follow-up site evaluations are reported in Haberman, Chevance, and Malone (1984).
Swanton, John R. Arikara Pottery Making. American Antiquity 10 (1944): 100-101. This is simply a paragraph taken from Early Western Travels edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, Cleveland 1904, Vol. V, pp. 169 fn. recording an entry made by John Bradbury when he visited an Arikara village in May, 1810.
Symes, Steven A. Harris Lines as Indicators of Stress: An Analysis of Tibiae from the Crow Creek Massacre Victims. Master's thesis, University of Tennessee, 1983. A sample of 122 adult distal tibiae x-rays from individuals excavated at the Crow Creek Site were studied to test the usefulness of Harris lines as they are applied anthropologically.
Terrell, John Upton. Sioux Trail. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974. 213 pp. From general works, this strives to recreate the condition of Sioux people when they first emerged in records from the haze of antiquity--how they were in early contact years. An interesting though unoriginal analysis.
Thiessen, Thomas D. A Tentative Radiocarbon Chronology for the Middle Missouri Tradition. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 59-82. Dates for each radiocarbon-dated Middle Missouri Tradition component in the Big Bend, Bad-Cheyenne, Cannonball, and Knife-Heart regions, a total of 111 dates, for 33 components, were assessed and averaged, giving tentative occupational sequences for each of the regions.
Thiessen, Thomas D., and Robert K. Nickel. An Assessment of the Radiocarbon Dates for the Helb Site, 39CA208, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 20, no. 70 (1975): 307-310. Eleven radiocarbon dates from the Helb Site appeared to substantiate two occupations of the site, one in the mid-eleventh century A.D. and another in the early or middle portion of the sixteenth century A.D.
Thomas, Cyrus. Ancient Mounds of Dakota. U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories 6th Annual Report (1873): 655-658.
Thomas, Cyrus. Catalogue of Prehistoric Works East of the Rocky Mountains. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 12 (1891): 1-246. A county by county description of known sites with maps. The section on South Dakota is pp. 196-199.
Thomas, Cyrus. Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of Ethnology 12th Annual Report (1894): 17-730.
Thurman, Melburn D. The Little Missouri River: A Source of Confusion for Plains Ethnohistory. Plains Anthropologist 33, no. 122 (1988): 429-447. Examines the historic conception of the geographical location of the Little Missouri, which may also have been used to name the present Bad River. The clarification would have implications for ethnohistorical interpretations of the Arikara, Hidatsa, Teton, and Cheyenne.
Tiffany, Joseph A. Comments on the Structural Features at the Mitchell Site (39DV2), South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 6, no. 2-3 (1975): 1-6. Discusses interpretations of house structure at the Mitchell Site in relationship to the Middle Missouri Tradition.
Tiffany, Joseph A. A Model of Changing Settlement Patterns for the Mill Creek Culture of Northwestern Iowa: An Analysis of the Chan-ya-ta Site (13BV1), Buena Vista County, Iowa. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1980. Archaeological evidence from the Little Sioux locality of the Iowa-South Dakota border was integrated into a model of changing settlement patterns for the Mill Creek culture.
Tiffany, Joseph A. An Overview of the Middle Missouri Tradition. In Prairie Archaeology, edited by Guy E. Gibbon, 87-108. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Publications in Anthropology 3, 1983. A review of interpretive models emphasizing the origin of the tradition within the modified Willey and Phillips taxonomic system. Several changes were proposed for the tradition in order to clarify the temporal relationships.
Todd, James E. Boulder Mosaics in Dakota. American Naturalist 20, no. 1 (1886): 1-4. A brief summary of several stone alignments.
Todd, James E. Boulder Mosaics in Dakota. South Dakota Historical Collections 6: 207-214. Describes several stone alignments and effigies and includes drawings.
Toom, Dennis L. Little Sites, Small Pots, and Plains Village Task Groups: The Case of the Rattlesnake Keeper Site (39LM160). South Dakota Archaeology 14 (1990): 1-23. Analysis of pottery from this site suggests that ceramic usage at small task group sites is primarily focused on a pattern of small, portable vessels, possibly with specialized function, contrary to large, general-purpose vessels typically found in big village sites.
Toom, Dennis L. Radiocarbon Dating of the Western Initial Middle Missouri Variant: Some New Dates and a Critical Review of Old Dates. Plains Anthropologist 37, no. 139 (1992): 115-128. Recently obtained radiocarbon dates for the Plains Village tradition, Initial Middle Missouri variant, components at the Antelope Dreamer (39LM146), and the Stony Point (39ST235) village sites date the variant at middle to late A.D. 1200s and might suggest a narrower time frame for the variant than was previously supposed.
3675. Toom, Dennis L., and Paul R. Picha. An Archeological Survey of Selected Federal Lands on the West Bank of the Big Bend/Lake Sharpe Project Area, Lyman and Stanley Counties, South Dakota, 1983: Main Report. Grand Forks: University of North Dakota Department of Anthropology and Archaeology for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1984. 188 pp. Forty-nine archeological sites and one historically important location were identified. The archeological sites contained as many as 65 separate components, mainly Plains Village and Late Historic periods.
Tratebas, Alice M. Archaeological Excavations Near Stone Quarry Canyon, Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center with USDA Forest Service Contract Investigations Series 7 (1979). 163 pp. Five sites on mineral claim lands were test excavated for project clearance. The area was most heavily occupied during the Late Prehistoric, and several sites were considered significant additions to this little known period in the Black Hills.
Tratebas, Alice M. Archaeological Investigations Along the Proposed Pierre Canal, Hughes County, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for the National Park Service, 1976. 40 pp. Three sites comprising five stone mosaics were mapped and test excavated.
Tratebas, Alice M. Archeological Surveys in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota, 1975-1977. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center with U.S. Forest Service, 1978. 212 pp. This survey located 163 sites: 47 aboriginal sites, 67 aboriginal loci, and 49 historic sites. The prehistoric sites showed an emphasis on hunting and stone tool manufacture, with seed processing, woodworking, and bone tool manufacturing represented to a lesser extent.
Tratebas, Alice M. Archaeological Surveys in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota: 1977-1978. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center Contract Investigations Series 5, 1979. 254 pp.
Tratebas, Alice M. Black Hills Settlement Patterns: Based on a Functional Approach. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 1986. Investigates prehistoric settlement patterns in the Black Hills based on functional interpretations of artifact assemblages in order to provide a preliminary framework for interpeting Black Hills prehistory.
Tratebas, Alice M. Current Status of Research on the McKean Complex in South Dakota. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by L. J. Zimmerman, 21-28. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. Summarizes work on McKean Complex sites in the state.
Tratebas, Alice M. Excavations at the Boulder Canyon Site. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 7, no. 4 (1977): 4-5. A brief summary of excavations at 39LA3 in the northern Black Hills. A little longer description is available in the Papers of the 10th Dakota History Conference; Karl E. Mundt Historical and Educational Foundations Series 3 (1979): 333-337.
Tratebas, Alice M. Getting Architecture from Stone Circle Remains: A Southern Black Hills Example. Plains Anthropologist 28, no. 102, pt. 2; Memoir 19 (1983): 35-44. Excavations at the Lost Bumper Tipi Ring site (39FA392) produced an unexpected array of cultural remains, including a deep central hearth dug into the sandstone bedrock, a charcoal- stained prepared living floor, a large quantity of partially charred wood in and around the hearth, and human skeletal remains.
Tratebas, Alice M. Preliminary Report on Archaeological Investigations Near Stone Quarry Canyon, Fall River County. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 8, no. 2-3 (1978): 7-9. Briefly describes five sites overlooking Stone Quarry Canyon.
Tratebas, Alice M., and Kristi Vagstad. Archaeological Test Excavations of Four Sites in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota. Ft. Meade: South Dakota Archaeological Research Center for USDA Forest Service Contract Investigations Series 6, 1979. 235 pp. Two of these sites tested represented summer and winter occupations during the Middle Archaic and had several McKean reoccupations. One other site needed further radiocarbon dating, and the fourth was not considered significant.
Ubelaker, D. H., and W. M. Bass. Arikara Glassworking Techniques at Leavenworth and Sully Sites. American Antiquity 35 (1970): 467-475. On the basis of archaeological and laboratory evidence, it was conjectured how the blue-glass pendants were made, and how the Arikara gradually refined their techniques to produce better made pendants and ornaments of different shapes.
Ubelaker, D. H., and R. L. Jantz. Plains Caddoan Relationships: A View from Craniometry and Mortuary Analysis. Nebraska History 60, no. 2 (1979): 249-260.
Ubelaker, D. H., and P. Willey. Complexity in Arikara Mortuary Practice. Plains Anthropologist 23, no. 79 (1978): 69-74. Arikara mortuary practice has been described as direct interment soon after death in wood-covered pits. Some ethnohistorical, archeological, and entomological evidence suggests scaffolding prior to burial.
Ubelaker, Douglas. Arikara-Made Glass Pendants. Plains Anthropologist 11, no. 32 (1966): 172-173. A brief summary of blue glass triangular pendants from the Leavenworth Site and associated artifacts, which appeared to be firing pans for the blue glass.
Ubelaker, Douglas H., and Waldo R. Wedel. Bird Bones, Burials, and Bundles in Plains Archaeology. American Antiquity 40, no. 4 (1975): 444-452. Describes the similarities between human-modified bird bones from archaeological sites and those from ethnographic collections in museums. Arikara specimens are among those discussed.
Vicinus, Joan. Annotated References to Excavated Burial Mound Sites in Wisconsin, Manitoba, North Dakota and South Dakota. Minnesota Archaeologist 30, no. 3 (1969): 55+.
Weakley, Harry E. Current Developments in Plains Dendrochronology. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 12, pt. 1 (1961): 59. Brief report on chronological chart developed as part of the River Basin Surveys project.
Weakley, Ward F. A Site in the Fort Randall Reservoir Brule County, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 14 (1961): 230-241. Report on excavation at site 39BR201, a single component earth-lodge village in the upper Fort Randall Reservoir, probably occupied in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century.
Weakley, Ward F. Tree-Ring Dating and Archaeology in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 16, no. 54, pt. 2; Memoir 8 (1971): 1-51. Material recovered from 54 archaeological sites was examined in order to extend and strengthen five area chronologies. The data suggested that Middle Missouri and Coalescent traditions were contemporaneous in at least the fifteenth and probably the sixteenth century.
Weakley, Ward F. 1960 Summer Excavations at the Leavenworth Site, 39CO9. Plains Anthropologist 6, no. 12, pt. 1 (1961): 58. Brief summary of Smithsonian excavations at this site.
Wedel, Waldo R. Archeological Fieldwork in the Missouri River Basin in 1948. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 1, no. 5 (1948; Reprinted 1961): 94-96. Summary of field work including at Angostura Reservoir near Hot Springs.
Wedel, Waldo R. Archeological Materials from the Vicinity of Mobridge, South Dakota. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 157; Anthropological Papers 45 (1957): 69-188.
Wedel, Waldo R. Archaeological Researches in the Missouri Basin by the Smithsonian River Basin Surveys and Cooperating Agencies; Foreword. American Antiquity 14 (1949): 257-259. A brief summary of archaeological salvage work in proposed reservoir areas of the Missouri Basin.
Wedel, Waldo R. The Missouri Basin Archeological Survey. Nebraska History 28, no. 1 (1947): 32-40. An overview of Smithsonian Institution River Basin Survey work in the Missouri River Valley, including South Dakota in general terms.
Wedel, Waldo R. Observations on Some Nineteenth-Century Pottery Vessels from the Upper Missouri. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 164; Anthropological Papers 51 (1957): 87-114. Comparisons of various extant pottery vessels documented a steadily degenerating native craftsmanship throughout the nineteenth century among the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa pottery makers.
Wedel, Waldo R. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley Development Program: Summary Report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in 1946. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107, no. 6 (1947): 1-17. An overview of salvage archaeological fieldwork completed with a summary of known cultural affiliations, and with recommendations for future work.
Wedel, Waldo R. Prehistory and the Missouri River Development Program: Summary Report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in 1947. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 111, no. 2 (1948): 1-52. Pages 17-21 summarize archaeological fieldwork in South Dakota, mainly at the Fort Randall Reservoir.
Wedel, Waldo R. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley Development Program: Summary Report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in 1948. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 154; River Basin Surveys Papers 1 (1953): 1-59. Pages 20-29 provide a summary of archaeological fieldwork at Angostura, Fort Randall, and Oahe reservoirs.
Wedel, Waldo R. Prehistory and the Missouri Valley Development Program: Summary Report on the Missouri River Basin Archeological Survey in 1949. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 154; River Basin Surveys Papers 2 (1953): 61-101. Pages 74-84 summarize archaeological fieldwork at Angostura, Bixby, Philip, Rockyford, and Shadehill reservoirs.
Wedel, Waldo R. Salvage Archeology in the Missouri River Basin. Science 156, no. 3775 (1967): 589-597. Summarizes archaeological work completed in advance of Missouri River dams and reservoirs in an effort to save valuable information regarding prehistoric people in the area, especially along the mainstem of the river in North and South Dakota.
Wedel, Waldo R. Some Provisional Correlations in Missouri Basin Archaeology. American Antiquity 14, no. 4 (1949): 328-339. Provides a tentative cultural correlation of certain archaeological horizons and sites in the Missouri River drainage basin.
Weston, Timothy, Douglas A. Goulding, and Stanley A. Ahler. Archeological Monitoring and Shoreline Reconnaissance at the Travis 2 Site, 39WW15, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. Grand Forks: University of North Dakota for U.S. Army Corps on Engineers, Omaha District, 1979. 71 pp. Two mitigative alternatives were present: either salvage excavation or stabilization. The survey crew also visited eight previously recorded sites in the Mobridge vicinity and recorded 15 previously unknown sites, 19 isolated artifact areas, and ten areas of geologic interest.
Wheeler, Richard P. Check List of Middle Missouri Pottery Wares, Types, and Subtypes. Plains Anthropologist 2 (Dec. 1954): 3-22. A list of 51 named pottery types and subtypes for use in identifying Middle Missouri pottery wares.
Wheeler, Richard P. A Note on the `McKean Lanceolate Point.' Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 4, no. 4 (1952; Reprinted 1961): 39-44. Description of a distinctive point found at several Wyoming sites and at three sites in the Angostura Reservoir of South Dakota.
Wheeler, Richard P. Two New Projectile Point Types: Duncan and Hanna Points. Plains Anthropologist 1 (1954): 7-14. A description of two new point types, both of which were found at several Plains sites, including the Angostura Reservoir in South Dakota.
Wheeler, Richard P., and Ann M. Johnson. A Stratified Woodland Site in the Oahe Reservoir Area, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 8-9 (1984-85): 80-97. Based on an unpublished manuscript by Wheeler written in 1957 about excavations in 1953 at the Natchke Site.
White, E. M., and L. A. Hannus. Chemical Weathering of Bone in Archaeological Soils. American Antiquity vol.48, no. 2 (1983): 316-322. Bone fragments of large mammals were collected from excavations at archaeological sites at Oakwood Lake, Belle Fourche, and near the Lange-Ferguson site and analyzed for chemical weathering that varied depending on the soils of each site.
White, Everett M., and L. Adrien Hannus. Weathering and Disintegration of Rocks at Oakwood Lake, South Dakota (39BK7). Plains Anthropologist 28, no. 99 (1983): 53-57. An analysis of weathered and unweathered cobbles and pebbles at this site indicated that use of some of these rocks as pot boilers probably hastened the natural weathering rate.
White, Theodore E. Suggestions on the Butchering Technique of the Inhabitants of the Dodd and Phillips Ranch Sites in Oahe Reservoir Area. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 5, no. 2 (1952; Reprinted 1961): 54-58. The bison bone providing the basis of this study was collected at two sites near Pierre.
Whitten, Richard G. Prehistoric Native Art in South Dakota: The Writing is on the Wall. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 51-56. Vermillion: South Dakota Archeological Society, 1981. Recommends recording standards for petroglyphs, pictographs, and rock mosaics in the state.
Whitten, Richard G., producer. Ancient Peoples and Places of South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory (1982): 4 filmstrips, 4 cassettes, 42 pp. teacher's guide. Filmstrip set describing South Dakota's prehistory for grades 7-10. 1. The First Peoples of South Dakota. 2. Village Life Along the Missouri River. 3. The Middle Missouri People and the Mitchell Site. 4. The Coalescent People and the Crow Creek Massacre.
Wilford, Lloyd A. Burial Mounds of the Red River Headwaters. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1970. 36 pp. Compiles previously unpublished data on the excavation of 11 burial mounds in eight localities of northwestern Minnesota and adjacent portions of North and South Dakota.
Will, George F. Additional Notes on Dendrochronology in the Dakotas. Plains Archeological Conference News Letter 1, no. 4 (1948; Reprinted 1961): 68-70. A listing of tree ring dates for various sites--Thomas Riggs, LaRoche, and others.
Will, George F. Archeology of the Missouri Valley. American Museum of Natural History Anthropological Papers 22, pt. 6 (1924): 285-344.
Will, George F. Some Observations in Northwestern South Dakota. American Anthropologist n.s. 11, no. 2 (1909): 257-265. A travelog of interesting historic Indian and prehistoric sites along a route through the Slim Buttes and Cave Hills areas.
Willey, P. Osteology of the Crow Creek Massacre. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, 1982. Presents information concerning the bone elements, paleodemography, cranial affiliations, mutilations, and stature based on skeletal material of approximately 500 individuals at a prehistoric massacre site (ca. 1325 A.D.).
Willey, P., and Thomas E. Emerson. The Osteology and Archaeology of the Crow Creek Massacre. Unpublished manuscript on file, University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, first draft October 16 1989. 81 pp. An analysis of skeletal material from the Crow Creek site, a massive fortified village on the Missouri River in south-central South Dakota. The site is significant for its indication that there were intergroup hostilities in the region and has important implications for understanding relations in the Missouri River trench during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
Willey, P., and Bob Mann. The Skeleton of an Elderly Woman from the Crow Creek Site and its Implications for Paleodemography. Plains Anthropologist 31, no. 112 (1986): 141- 152. The skeleton of an elderly woman appeared to be the oldest individual recovered among the thousands excavated from sites in the Middle Missouri region. Further discusses the possibility that other individuals have either been under-enumerated or under-aged and the implications this might have on developing life tables.
Willey, P., and Mark Swegle. A Sioux Child With Notched Teeth from South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 4 (1980): 33-44. Provides an analysis of skeletal remains, concentrating on notched teeth in order to determine whether notching was deliberate or the result of dental caries. Notching was a prehistoric cultural phenomena on the Plains, but this individual from an 1880 burial near the Missouri River does not fit expected patterns.
Williams, John A. Analysis of Miscellaneous Human Osteological Remains Recovered from Multi-County Areas of South Dakota: Final Report. Grand Forks: North Dakota Department of Anthropology Contribution, no. 242, 1988. 384 pp. A minimum of 55 individuals were identified representing various cultural associations from 29 locations along the Missouri River.
Williamson, Thomas Smith. Who Were the First Men? Minnesota History 1 (1872): 295-301. Conjecture based upon interviews with old timers and accounts of early French immigrants on the geographic placement of the Sioux in the Minnesota-Wisconsin woodlands prior to the arrival of Columbus, where they had settled and dug in, indicates the occupation of territory at the expense of their Native American neighbors in every direction.
Williamson, Thomas Smith. Who Were the First Men? In Materials for the Future History of Minnesota; Being a Report of the Minnesota Historical Society to the Legislative Assembly, in Accordance with a Joint Resolution, 9-12. St. Paul: Joseph R. Brown, Territorial Printer for the Minnesota Historical Society, 1856. Information on early contact and locations of Sioux tribes in the latter 1600s, taken largely from published French journals.
Willy, Todd, and Wesley R. Hurt. A Classification of South Dakota Artifact Types. Vermillion: W.H. Over Museum Loose Leaf Series 1, 1953. 17 pp. Illustrates the artifact varieties from the W. H. Over Museum collections in order to provide a standardized method for naming artifacts.
Wilmeth, Roscoe. The Payne Site. Museum News 18, no. 11-12 (1956).
Wilmeth, Roscoe. Report of the Investigation of the Payne Site, 39WW302, Walworth County, South Dakota, 1956. Pierre: South Dakota Archaeological Commission Archaeological Studies, Circular 8, 1958. 41 pp. Report of a salvage excavation of a small earthlodge village enclosed by a palisade in the Oahe Reservoir area.
Wilson, Gilbert L. (Arranged and edited by W. Raymond Wood and Donald J. Lehmer). Mandan and Hidatsa Pottery Making. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 76, pt. 1 (1977): 97- 105. Two accounts of Mandan and Hidatsa pottery making, collected by Wilson in 1910, appear here for the first time. Provides new information on clay sources, and on manufacturing and firing times and techniques.
Winham, R. Peter. The Complex History of a Prehistoric Site: Dinehart Village (39LM33), A Contact Zone Initial Middle Missouri Site. South Dakota Archaeology 11 (1987): 1-19. Summarizes past investigations at this site first recorded in 1918 and reports on current evaluations.
Winham, R. Peter. Report on Recent Archeological Site Evaluations on the East Bank of Lake Oahe, South Dakota. South Dakota Archaeology 7 (1983): 63-79. Report of test excavations at 13 sites.
Winham, R. Peter, and L. Adrien Hannus. South Dakota State Plan for Archaeological Resources: Introduction and Overview to Historic Contexts and Archaeological Management Regions for Research and Planning: A Working Draft. Sioux Falls: Archeology Laboratory, Augustana College, 1990. 1 vol. (unpaged). This document constitutes the first major revision of the Management Plan for Archaeological Resources in South Dakota. As part of the planning process, cultural sequences are identified and summarized with example sites listed. There is an extensive 98-page bibliography that includes survey reports not listed in other bibliographies.
Winham, R. Peter, and Edward J. Lueck. Three Legs Creek to Little Bear Creek, Dewey County, South Dakota: A Potential Archeological District in the Grand/Moreau Archeological Region. South Dakota Archaeology 10 (1986): 1-30. Details of a survey conducted in Dewey County on terrace/tableland between Three Legs and Little Bear creeks on the west bank of the Missouri River. Seven Plains Village sites are described with recommendations for future study.
Winham, R. Peter, Edward J. Lueck, and L. Adrien Hannus. Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey of Minnehaha County, South Dakota. Sioux Falls: Augustana College Contract Series 17, 1985. 123 pp. This survey of an 815-square-mile area doubled the number of cultural resource sites for this county and suggests that at least 500-1,000 sites would be located if the entire county were surveyed. Recommends future work in the area, and that 25 of the sites be preserved.
Witty, Thomas A. The Anoka Focus. Plains Anthropologist 8, no. 20 (1963): 123. Brief summary of the Anoka Focus of the Aksarben Aspect, represented by the Arzberger Site (39HU6) in South Dakota and three sites in Nebraska.
Wood, W. Raymond. Fay Tolton and the Initial Middle Missouri Variant. Columbia: Missouri Archaeological Society Research Series 13, 1976. 58 pp. Explores a site that has evidence of extensive warfare.
Wood, W. Raymond. The Middle Missouri Region: Typology and Concepts. Plains Anthropologist 14, no. 44, pt. 1 (1969): 144-148. Discusses three impressionistic stages in the development of the archaeological framework for the Middle Missouri Region.
Wood, W. Raymond. The Middle Missouri Tradition: The Late Stage. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 30 (1965): 250-255. Comments on the history, origins, distribution, characteristics, dating, and relationships of the Thomas Riggs and Huff foci of the late stage of the Middle Missouri Tradition.
Wood, W. Raymond. Notes on the Bison Bone from the Paul, Brave, Huff and Demery Sites (Oahe Reservoir). Plains Anthropologist 7, no. 18 (1962): 201-204. Analysis of bison bone from three village sites in North and South Dakota indicated two broad patterns of butchering habits that were compared to other sites.
Wood, W. Raymond. A Pottery Find Near Ludlow Cave, South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 16, no. 52 (1971): 117-120. Fragments of two pottery vessels were found at a rock shelter from the Cave Hills in Harding County.
Wood, W. Raymond. The Redbird Focus and the Problem of Ponca Prehistory. Plains Anthropologist 10, no. 28; Memoir 2 (1965): 79-145. The Redbird Focus is closely related to the LaRoche Focus, an early and widespread development of the Coalescent Tradition centered in South Dakota. This report discusses the relationship between the Central Plains Tradition of Nebraska and the Middle Missouri to the north.
Wood, W. Raymond. Settlement Patterns of the Redbird Focus. Plains Anthopologist 7 (1956): 3-9. A description of Redbird Focus sites in Nebraska, which may relate to Coalescent sites in South Dakota.
Wood, W. Raymond. A Stylistic and Historical Analysis of Shoulder Patterns on Plains Indian Pottery. American Antiquity 28, no. 1 (1962): 25-40. A stylistic analysis of the incised patterns executed on the shoulders of pottery of five Plains village groups (Pawnee, Arikara, Cheyenne, Crow, and Mandan-Hidatsa) yielded two broad pattern types.
Wood, W. Raymond. Trends in Middle Missouri Prehistory: A Festchrift Honoring the Contibutions of Donald J. Lehmer. Plains Anthropologist 22, no. 78, pt. 2; Memoir 13 (1977): 1-185. Proceedings of a symposium held at the 34th Plains Conference October 22, 1976. Papers relative to South Dakota are annotated separately.
Woodworth, E. E. Archeological Observations in South Dakota. American Anthropologist n.s. 12 (1910): 128-131. An early description of mounds and burial finds in Day County, including an ear pendant made from a Spanish coin.
Woolworth, Alan R., and W. Raymond Wood. The Demery Site (39CO1), Oahe Reservoir Area, South Dakota. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 189; River Basin Surveys Papers 34 (1964): 67-137. Report of excavations of a site considered the northernmost manifestation of the Category B complex on the mainstem of the Missouri.
Zalucha, L. Anthony. An Analysis of Charcoal from the Helb Site (39CA208), South Dakota. In Prairie Archaeology, edited by Guy E. Gibbon, 109-129. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Publications in Anthropology 3, 1983. The charcoal from 17 categories of plant remains from features in this site were analyzed in order to determine resource utilization.
Zimmerman, Karen P. Young People's Guide to South Dakota Archaeology. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, 1981. 8 pp. Reprinted in South Dakota Archaeology 6 (1982): 107-119. A simplified description of the prehistoric peoples of South Dakota contains glossary, and is useful as an educational curriculum tool. Was written to accompany filmstrip set Ancient Peoples and Places of South Dakota.
Zimmerman, Karen P., and Larry J. Zimmerman. Sources for South Dakota Prehistory. Vermillion SD: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory. Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 5, 1981. 51 pp. A compilation of sources that present primary data on archaeological sites in the state. Sources are in order by author with an index by region and an index to secondary authors.
Zimmerman, Larry J. Archaeological Test Excavations at 39MH28, The Emineja Site, Minnehaha County, South Dakota. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 5, no. 4 (1975): 3-20. Due to the limitation of the project area, the site was not excavated in its entirety, and cultural affiliation was difficult to determine. It appeared to be a chipping station, possibly associated with either the Middle Missouri or Oneota peoples.
Zimmerman, Larry J. Arikara Culture History: A Summary. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 6, no. 1 (1975): 1-25. An overview of one of the more significant groups to live in the South Dakota region. Interpretations were based on the extensive archaeological work done on Arikara sites and ethnographic information from early historic contact.
Zimmerman, Larry J., ed. The Crow Creek Site (39BF11) Massacre: A Preliminary Report. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, 1981. 329 pp. Contains sections dealing with excavation, various aspects of demography, mutilation, pathology, and recommendations for this site that was occupied during the Initial Coalescent variant of the Coalescent Tradition in the fourteenth century. Included skeletal material from at least 486 individuals, some of whom showed evidence of warfare and mutilation.
Zimmerman, Larry J. Indians, Archaeologists and Bones: Spiritual and Ethical Considerations of the Crow Creek Dig. Vermillion: Institute of Indian Studies Proceedings of the Spring Conference (1979): 32-43.
Zimmerman, Larry J. Peoples of Prehistoric South Dakota. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985. 143 pp. Describes the prehistoric environment and the adaptations made by each of the cultural groups who inhabited the state from around 14,000 years ago to the arrival of the first white people in the eighteenth century.
Zimmerman, Larry J. Some Perspectives on the Woodland Tradition in South Dakota. In The Future of South Dakota's Past, edited by Larry J. Zimmerman, 29-32. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1981. A brief overview of the Woodland Tradition in the state, framed in terms of key research goals relative to matters of culture history and culture process.
Zimmerman, Larry J. South Dakota Archaeology: Some Goals. Newsletter of the South Dakota Archaeological Society 1 (1977): 52-54. A comment on the status of archaeology in the state, including education, staff needs, and amateur support.
Zimmerman, Larry J. South Dakota Prehistory: Messages from the Past. Institute of Indian Studies Bulletin 81, no. 2 (1979): 2. A very general overview of South Dakota archaeology.
Zimmerman, Larry J., and Lucille C. Stewart, eds. The Future of South Dakota's Past. Vermillion: South Dakota Archaeological Society Special Publication 2, 1981. 75 pp. A collection of papers delineating the state of the science of archaeology in South Dakota. Topics covered are: an overview of South Dakota's prehistory, preceramic cultures, the McKean complex, the Woodland Tradition, the Great Oasis and the Middle Missouri Tradition, village sites off the Missouri, lithic scatters, prehistoric art, paleodemography and paleopathology, South Dakota cultural resources management, and the CRIDS system. Each is entered separately under author in this bibliography.
Zimmerman, Larry J., and Robert Alex. Digging Ancient Burials: The Crow Creek Experience. Early Man 3, no. 3 (1981): 3-10. History of excavation of about 500 human skeletons at a fourteenth century massacre site with discussion concerning Indian attitudes about the excavation and the ultimate reburial of the bones. Pages 25-32 of the same issue further discusses the reburial issue raised by sites such as Crow Creek, with comments by several archaeologists and anthropologists of differing views. [Scholars with interests in the reburial of Indian remains as an international issue will find guidance in Larry J. Zimmerman and Karen P. Zimmerman, An Annotated Bibliography of the Reburial Issue (Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory, 1987), 19 pp. Ninety-six publications deal with most aspects of the controversy recently under discussion.]
Zimmerman, Larry J., Steve Archer, and Larry L. Tieszen. Ecological Characterization as a Foundation for Prediction of Plains Village Tradition Sites in Central South Dakota. North American Archeologist 3, no. 4 (1982): 311-331. Compares actual locations of Plains Village site locations along the east shore of Lake Francis Case with simulated site locations.
Zimmerman, Larry J., and Lawrence E. Bradley. Test Excavations at the Gavin's Point Site 39YK203, South Dakota. Vermillion: University of South Dakota Archaeology Laboratory for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District Contract Completion Study 76, 1978. 28 pp. Details the results of test excavations and includes a discussion of the background of previous investigations at the site, a summary of the 1978 test excavations, analysis of recovered materials, and recommendations concerning the future of the site.
Zimmerman, Larry J., and Lawrence E. Bradley, eds. Newsletters of the South Dakota Archaeological Society: The First Ten Years. Special Publication of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, no. 4, 1981. 365 pp. An edited facsimile reprint of the Newsletters of the first ten years of the South Dakota Archaeological Society, 1969-1979. The newsletters chronicle the growth and development of the society and include information about conducting field activities, personalities, site and excavation reports, and the development of the science of archaeology within the state.
Zimmerman, Larry J., John B. Gregg, and Pauline S. Gregg. Para-Mortem Osteopathology in the Crow Creek Massacre Victims. South Dakota Journal of Medicine 34, no. 2 (1981): 7-12. Examines the paleopathology, trauma, and mutilations of victims from the Crow Creek Massacre.
Zimmerman, Larry J., and Richard G. Whitten. Prehistoric Bones Tell a Grim Tale of Indian v. Indian. Smithsonian 11, no. 6 (1980): 100-108. Discusses the discovery of the prehistoric massacre of 400-500 people along the Missouri River and speculates on causes related to famine and climatic instability.
Zobeck, Terry Stewert. Postcraniometric Variation Among the Arikara. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, 1983. The postcraniometrics of the Arikara from ten archaeological sites in South Dakota were analyzed to determine biological relationships.